412 



SOLANACEjE. I. SOLANUM. 



63 S. NIGRUM (Lin. spec. p. 266. mat. med. 66.) stem herba- 

 ceous, angular ; leaves ovate, toothed, nearly naked ; flowers 

 sub-umbellate. . H. Native throughout Europe ; a weed 

 in- cultivated ground ; as well as of Africa and Asia, in like 

 situations. Dun. sol. p. 152. syn. p. 12. Willd. enum. 1. p. 

 236. S. nigrum, a, vulgatius, Lin. spec. 266. Smith, engl. hot. 

 t. 566. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 14. Plench, icon. t. 120. Oed. 

 fl. dan. t. 460. Bull. herb. t. 67. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. 1. 

 icon. Hayne, term. bot. t. 28. Schkuhr, handb. t. 46. S, 

 officinarum acinis nigricantibus et acinis luteis, Tourn. inst. p. 

 148. S. officinarum, Zanich. venez. t. 268. S. hortensis, 

 Blackw. t. 107. &c. Mor. hist. S. p. 520. sect. 13. t. 1. f. 1. 

 Lob. icon. 262. Tab. icon. 577. Yerba mora of Brazil, 

 Peru, and Spain. Morelle a fruits noir and Morelle creve 

 chien of the French. Plant downy. Stern branched, and is, 

 as well as the branches, angular-toothed. Common peduncles 

 short. Flowers few, 5-6 together, white. Berries size of cur- 

 rants, black, rarely yellow. The herb is fetid, and diuretic ; 

 it also promotes perspiration. Too large a quantity occasions 

 violent sickness, with headache, giddiness, drowsiness, and other 

 dangerous symptoms. In short its effects on the nervous sys- 

 tem are so uncertain, and sometimes so considerable, that it 

 must ever be administered with the greatest caution. S. nigrum, 

 Thunb. jap. p. 92, and Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. p. 32, are probably 

 distinct varieties. 



Var. ft, melanocerasum (Dun. sol. 153.) branches angularly 

 toothed ; leaves ovate, toothed, angular, glabrous ; racemes 

 sub-umbellate, extra-foliaceous. O- H. Native of the South 

 of Europe. S. melanocerasum, Willd. enum. p. 237. 



Var. y, atriplicifolium; leaves sinuated, angular. Q. H. 

 ' S. atriplicifolium, Desportes in herb. D. C. 



J5/acA-fruited Nightshade. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 

 to ]A foot. 



64 S. FISTULOSUM (Rich. herb. Dun. syn. p. 12. sol. ed. 2d. 

 ined. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 37.) branched, herbaceous; 

 stem fistular, angular : leaves ovate, with a blunt acumen, some- 

 what repand, running into the narrow petioles at the base ; 

 pedicels when bearing the fruit equal in length to the common 

 peduncle; pollen yellow. Q. H. Native of the Mauritius, 

 East Indies, and cultivated in America. Very like S. nodtflo- 

 rum, and S. Guineense, but differs from them in the peduncles 

 being stronger and shorter, in the leaves being repand, and the 

 stems being angular and more blunt, in the flowers being 

 smaller, the anthers shorter, and in the pollen being yellow, not 

 violaceous. 



Var. a; berries black. 0. H. S. fistulosum, Rich. 1. c. 

 Dun. syn. p. 12. S. Rhinocerotis, Blum, bijdr. p. 695. ? S. 

 nigrum, Wall. cat. no. 2615. 



Var. ft ; berries red. O- H. S. rubrum, Gmel. syst. p. 

 384. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1034. S. erythrae'um, Dun. sol. 238. 

 S. nigrum fructu rubro, Hamilt. herb. Wall. cat. no. 2615. 



Fislular-stemmed Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 



65 S. INCE'RTUM (Dun. sol. 155. syn. p. 13. Nees in Lin. 

 trans. 17. p. 38.) branched, diffuse, herbaceous; stem angular; 

 angles smooth, or denticulated ; leaves deltoid, or deltoid-oblong, 

 triangularly acuminated, sinuately toothed in the middle ; fructi- 

 ferous pedicels reflexed, equal in length to the common pedun- 

 cle. 0. H. Native of India, in sandy places, Silhet, Wallich. 

 Flowers sub-umbellate, small, white. Berries round, size of 

 peas. 



Var. a ; leaves narrower, sharply and sinuately toothed ; 

 fruit red, or yellow ; stem rather scabrous. 0. H. S. nigrum, 

 Wall. cat. no. 2615, from Oude and Rungpur. 



Far. ft ; leaves broadly deltoid, sparingly angular, or some- 

 what hastately angular. 



* Berries red, or copper- coloured. . H. Native of India, 



Arabia, and the South of Europe. S. nigrum, Forsk. fl. aegypt. 

 p. 46. Wall. cat. no. 2615. C. N. S. miniatum, Bernh. ex 

 Willd. enum. 1. p. 236. Dun. sol. p. 156. S. nigrum, ft, 

 Judaicum, Lin. spec. p. 266.? S. officinarum acinis puniceis, 

 Tourn. inst. p. 148. S. puniceum, Cord. hist. 158. Nelan 

 Tsjunda, Rheed. mal. 10. p. 145. t. 73. Messelleha hadie of 

 the Arabs, ex Forsk. 1. c. 



* * Berries black. 0. H. Native of Nipaul. S. nigrum, 

 var. melanocerasum, Wall. cat. no. 2615. F. 



Uncertain Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. PI. \\ 

 to 3 feet. 



66 S. RU'BRUM (Mill. diet. no. 4. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 

 249. Dun. sol. p. 155.) herbaceous, branched, diffuse ; stem 

 angular, with the angles and ribs of leaves denticulated ; leaves 

 ovate-oblong, attenuated at the base and apex, repandly toothed ; 

 fructiferous pedicels divaricate, shorter than the common pedun- 

 cle, which is slender; pollen yellow. 0. H. Native all over 

 India in cultivated places; and of Java, Amboyna ; California 

 (but with broader leaves). This species differs from S. nigrum 

 and S. incertum, in the stem being more elongated, in the angles 

 of the stems, petioles, and ribs of the leaves on the under side 

 being muricated, and furnished with strigulose down when 

 young, in the leaves being attenuated at both ends, narrower 

 and softer, never deltoid ; in the umbels being smaller, and also 

 the berries. 



Var. a ; berries red, or copper-coloured ; flowers smaller ; 

 stem and leaves smoothish. 0. H. S. rubrum, Roxb. fl. ind. 



2. p. 216. S. nigrum, r,, rubrum, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1036. S. 

 Rumphii, Dun. sol. p. 157. S. nigrum, Wall. cat. part. S. 

 asperum, Horn. herb. Gunth. from California. S. nigrum, fructu 

 rubro, Wall. cat. no. 2615. A. B. Halicacabus Indicus minor 

 niger, Rumph. amb. 6. t. 26. f. 2. 



Var. ft ; berries red, or copper-coloured ; flowers smaller ; 

 stem and leaves hairy, both erosely toothed. . H. India. 

 S. Rumphii, Blum, bijdr. p. 693, but not of Dun. S. cheno- 

 podioides, Lam. ill. no. 234. Dun. sol. p. 157. Feuill. per. 2. 

 t. 14. Berries pale, or whitish, and watery. S. nigrum, herb. 

 Heyne, part. Stems clothed with hoary villi, having the angles 

 more muricated than in var. a, and the leaves are more rhom- 

 boid, and erosely toothed to the top, villous, obscure. 



Var. y ; berries black, flowers larger. 0. H. Native of 

 tropical America. S. oleraceum, Richard, herb. Dun. syn. p. 

 12. S. nigrum, Blum, bijdr. p. 694. S. nigrum fructu nigro, 

 Wall. cat. no. 2615. H. Aquara-Quiya, Piso, lib. 4. cap. 50. f. 



3. Branches downy at top. 



Red-berried Nightshade. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. PI. 

 1 to 3 feet. 



67 S. ERYTHROCA'RPUM (Meyer, esseq. p. 109.) stems perma- 

 nent ; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated at both ends, quite 

 entire; racemes subumbellate, interfoliaceous. 7{. S. Native 

 in plantations about the Essequibo. S. riibrum, Lin. syst. veg. 

 p. 173. ed. 15. ? Habit and stature of S. nigrum. Stem 

 branched, obsoletely angular, puberulous, as well as the branch- 

 es. Leaves twin, or solitary, sometimes downy, sometimes 

 glabrous. Corolla white, downy ; segments oblong, acute. 

 Berry pendulous, smaller than a pea, yellowish, and shining. 



Red-fruited Nightshade. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



68 S. FURCA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 750. Dun. syn. p. 13. 

 sol. ed. 2d. ined. t. 135.) stem herbaceous, somewhat dichoto- 

 mous, angularly-toothed ; leaves ovate, toothed ; racemes forked. 

 0. H. Native of Peru. The flowers are said to be the largest 

 of its congeners. 



Var. a, glabrum ; plant glabrous. 

 Var. ft, pilbsum ; plant pilose. 

 Forked Nightshade. PI. 1 to 2 feet ? 



69 S. PTEROCAU'LUM (Dun. sol. p. 153. syn. p. 13.) stem 



