458 



SOLANACE^E. XIII. LYCIUM. 



dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma peltately-depressed, or capitate, 

 bisulcate, ex Juss. or 2-lobed. Berry roundish, 2-celled, propped 

 by the permanent calyx ; placentas adnate. Seeds numerous, 

 reniform. Trees or shrubs usually spinose. Leaves entire, or 

 nearly entire, alternate, solitary, or in fascicles. Peduncles 

 extra-axillary, or terminal, solitary, twin, or umbellate, rarely 

 corymbose. Corollas white, yellow, rose-coloured, purple, blue, 

 or scarlet. 



SECT. I. EULY'CIUM (from tv, eu, well or good ; and Li)cium ; 

 this section contains the true species of the genus.) Calyx ur- 

 ceolate, irregularly 3-6-cleft. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped ; 

 with a 5-parted, spreading, or reflexed limb. Genitals ex- 

 serted. Shrubs or trees, usually spinose. Flowers extra-axil- 

 lary, solitary, twin, or umbellate. 



1 L. EUROPIUM (Lin. syst. 228. mant. p. 47.) branches 

 erect, loose ; buds spinescent ; leaves fascicled, obovate-lanceo- 

 late, obtuse, or spatulate, bent obliquely ; flowers twin, or soli- 

 tary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted, but shorter than 

 the limb. Tj . H. Native of the South of Europe ; and the North 

 of Africa ; in the Grecian Islands, common in hedges, but scarcely 

 indigenous. Willd. enum. 1. p. 246. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 

 t. 236. L. salicifblium, Mill. diet. no. 3. Mich. gen. p. 224. 

 t. 105. f. 1. Mill. fig. t. 171. f. 2. Calyx 5-cleft, ruptured at 

 the side. Corollas pale violet, reticulated with red veins ; tube 

 greenish. Clusius says, that the young shoots are eaten in 

 Spain with oil and vinegar. 



Var. a ; berries yellow or fulvous. 

 Var. /3 ; berries red. 



European Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1730. Shrub 

 10 to 12 feet. 



2 L. BA'RBARDM (Lin. spec. 277.) branches dependent ; buds 

 spiny ; leaves lanceolate, flat, glabrous, acute ; flowers twin, 

 extra-axillary, pedicellate ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens ex- 

 serted, about equal in length to the limb, fj . H. Native of 

 the North of Asia, Africa, and South of Europe. Willd. spec, 

 exclusive of Shaw, and the syn. of Lam. Wats, dendr. brit. 

 t. 9. L. halimifolium, Mill. diet. no. 6. L. Barbarum a vul- 

 gare, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 257. Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 147. t. 

 46. Hayne, term. bot. t. 10. f. 5. Dun. arb. 1. p. 306. t. 121. 

 f. 4. Mich. gen. t. 105. f. 1. Branches angular. Buds often 

 without spines. Calyx 2-3-lobed. Corolla with a purple limb, 

 and yellowish base. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry ovate, yellow. 

 Stamens bearded near the base. There is a variety of this, 

 having livid or pale corollas, and reddish yellow berries. 



Barbary Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1696. Shrub cl. 



3 L. CHINE'NSE (Mill. diet. no. 5.) branches pendulous, pros- 

 trate, striated ; buds spinescent ; leaves by threes, ovate, acute, 

 attenuated at the base ; peduncles much longer than the calyx, 

 which is entire; stamens exserted. ^.H. Native of China, 

 about Pekin and Canton ; and of Cochinchina. Bunge in mem. 

 acad. petersb. 2. p. 123. Lam. ill. t. 112. f. 2. Wats. dend. 

 brit. t. 8. L. Barbarum, /3, Chinense, Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 257. 

 L. ovatum, Duh. arb. ed. nov. p. 117. L. Barbarum, Lour, 

 coch. 1. p. 165.? Said by Bunge to be nearly allied to L. 

 Ruthenicum, but differs in the leaves, being broad-ovate. Corol- 

 las purple. Berries orange-coloured. Shoots very long, ex 

 Mill. The Chinese use a decoction in wine, or an infusion in 

 water of the berries, as a tonic, analeptic, and cephalic. We 

 know not whether the plants described by Miller and Bunge be 

 the same ; the plant here meant is that of Bunge. 



Chinese Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub climbing. 



4 L. RUTHE'NICUM (Murr. comm. goett. 1779. p. 2. t. 2.) 

 branches dependent ; buds spinescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 fleshy, obtuse, attenuated at the base, solitary, or subfasciculate ; 



peduncles longer than the calyx ; calyx with 5 unequal teeth ; 

 stamens exserted, equal to the limb, fj . H. Native of Sibe- 

 ria, in nitrous places ; and at the Volga ; and in Hyrcania. 

 Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p, 166. L. Tataricum, Pall. fl. ross. 1. p. 78. 

 t. 49. Calyx usually irregularly 5-toothed, rarely 2-3-lobed, 

 as in L. Barbarum. Corolla with a white tube, and purplish 

 limb. Leaves grey, like those of L. A^frum. 



Var. ft, Cdspicum (Pall. fl. ross. t. 49. f. A.) leaves shorter ; 

 buds more spinose; flowers smaller. Pj . H. Native about 

 the Caspian Sea. 



Russian Boxthorn. Fl. ? Clt. 1804. Shrub climbing. 



5 L. SHA'WII (Rcem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 693.) brandies 

 dependent, rather tomentose at apex ; buds spinescent ; leaves 

 ovate-lanceolate, thickish. Fj . H. Native of Barbary. L. 

 Europce'um, Mill. diet. no. 4. Shaw. afr. p. 349. f. 349. 

 Branches scattered. Prickles strong. Leaves short, thick, 

 scattered. Flowers lateral, small, white. 



Shan's Boxthorn. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1700. Shrub 7 to 

 8 feet. 



6 L. TREWIA'NUM (Duh. abr. nov. ed. p. 116. t. 30. under 

 L. Chinense, as in Pers. ench. 1. p. 231. no. 9.) erect; branches 

 diffuse, angular ; buds spinose ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, 

 acute; peduncles 1 -flowered, solitary, or twin, extra-axillary ; 

 calyx 2-3-cleft ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. Tj . 

 H. Native of China. L. Barbarum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 509. ex 

 Poir. suppl. 3. p. 427. Trew. Ehret. t. 68. exclusive of the 

 synonymes. This species differs from L. Chintnse, Mill, in tlie 

 spines, and from L. Barbarum in the leaves. Branches rufes- 

 cent. Spines few. Corolla fine purple, with a white star in the 

 centre. Filaments pilose at the base. Berry ovate. 



Trent's Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet. 



7 L. LANCEOLA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 429.) branches depen- 

 dent, reflexed ; buds spinescent ; leaves lanceolate, nearly ses- 

 sile, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, extra-axillary, pedicel- 

 late ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. \i . H. Native 

 of the South of Europe, as of Naples, Greece, &c. L. Euro- 

 pse'um, /3, D. C. fl. fr. no. 2699. Pers. ench. 1. p. 231. no. 8. 

 Duham, arb. nov. edit. p. 123. t. 32. Calyx unequally 

 5-toothed. Corolla purple, with a white bottom. Berry ob- 

 long, red. 



Zanceo/ate-leaved Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 

 climbing. 



8 L. TURBINA'TUM (Duh. arb. nov. edit. p. 119. t. 31. Pers. 

 ench. 1. p. 231, exclusive of the syn. of Lam. no. 3.) stems 

 erect, fascicled ; branchlets dependent, terete ; buds spiny ; 

 leaves sessile, lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers aggregate, pedi- 

 cellate, extra-axillary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted ; 

 calyx trifid ; berry turbinate. J? . H. Native of China. L. 

 halimifolium, Mill. diet. no. 6. ? L. Barbarum, /3, D. C. fl. fr. 

 no. 700. Corolla violaceous, with a white bottom. Berries 

 red. 



Turbinate Boxthorn. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1709. Shrub 

 climbing. 



9 L. CILIA'TUM (Schlecht. in Linnaaa, 8. p. 69.) branches 

 elongated, subscandent ; branchlets sometimes spiny ; leaves 

 alternate, broad-ovate, acute, denticulately ciliated, glabrous ; 

 flowers axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; calycine segments 

 linear, acute, exceeding the berry, which is globose ; corolla 

 funnel-shaped, puberulous ; genitals exserted. ^ G. Native 

 of the South of Brazil, at the Rio Negro, Sello. Calyx deeply 

 5-cleft. Filaments villous, as in L. Barbarum. Corolla beset 

 with glandular down, purple ? 



Ciliated-leaved Boxthorn. Shrub climbing. 



10 L. OBOVA'TUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 46. t, 183. f. c.) 

 branches spreading ; spines stiff, leafy while young ; leaves 

 obovate, obtuse, petiolate, scattered, or fascicled ; peduncles 



