488 



VERBASCINJE. I. VERBASCUM. 



Oak-leaved Nightshade. Shrub. 



2 SOLA'NUM DI'STICHUM (Schum. pi. guin. p. 1 22.) shrubby, 

 unarmed, tomentose ; leaves ovate, subrepand ; racemes simple, 

 infra- foliaceous, distich. T? . S. Native of Guinea, at Aquapim. 

 Leaves twin : tomentum stellate. Corollas size of those of S. 

 nigrum, white. Fruit size of bilberries, globose, glabrous, 

 scarlet. 



Distich-racemed Nightshade. Shrub 6 feet. 



3 SOLA'NUM A'TROPO (Schum. pi. guin. p. 124.) sub-herbace- 

 ous, unarmed ; leaves obovate, cuneated, angularly-repand, 

 acutish, glabrous ; peduncles opposite the leaves, usually twin, 

 1-flowered. Q. 1 S. Native of Guinea. Stem branched, 

 glabrous. Corollas pale blue, size of those of S. tuberosum ; 

 limb entire, plicate, having the angles ending each in a subulate 

 point. Berry size of an apple, dirty yellow. Leaves 3-6 

 inches long. A'tropo is the vernacular name of the plant. 

 Allied to S. Melongena. 



Atropo Nightshade. PI. 2 feet? 



4 SOLA'NUM EDU'LE (Schumi pi. guin. p. 125.) sub-herbace- 

 ous, unarmed ; leaves ovate, repandly-toothed, oblique, clothed 

 with stellate tomentum ; peduncles twin ; calyx rather prickly. 

 0. ? S. Native of Guinea. Stem beset with adpressed, stel- 

 late hairs. Racemes usually opposite the leaves. Corollas pale 

 violet, size of those of S. tuberosum; limb of 5 acuminated 

 angles. Berry size of an apple, nearly globose, yellow. Nearly 

 allied to S. Melongena and S. insanum. 



Edible Nightshade. PI. 2 feet. 



5 SOLA'NUM DASYPHY'LLUM (Schum. pi. guin. p. 126.) sub- 

 herbaceous, rather prickly ; leaves broad- cuneated, angularly- 

 lobed, hairy, and are, as well as the calyxes, prickly ; racemes 

 opposite the leaves, few-flowered. O- S. Native of Guinea, 

 where it is called by the natives Atropo-Bah. Leaves nearly 

 sessile, almost a foot long. Prickles subulate, straight. Co- 

 rollas rotate, blue, villous outside, size of those of S. tuberosum ; 

 limb acutely 5-angled. Berry nearly globose, size of an apple. 

 Allied to S. Melongena. 



Thick-leaved Nightshade. PI. 2 feet. 



6 SOLA'NUM RUNCINA'TUM (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 36. D. 

 Don, in Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 177.) unarmed; leaves pinnati- 

 fid, smoothish ; panicles cymose ; stigma clavate ; calycine seg- 

 ments ligulate, recurved; stems herbaceous, diffuse. 1^. H. . 

 Native of Peru. Feuill. per. 1. p. 722. t. 15. Corolla viola- 

 ceous, 5-lobed. Perhaps the same as S. pinnatum, Cav. 



Runcinate-\ea\ed Nightshade. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1832. 

 PI. diffuse. 



ORDER CLXX. VERBA'SCIN-Sl (this order contains plants 

 agreeing with the genus Verbascum in important characters.) 

 Nees ab Esenbeck, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 78. Solaneae genera, 

 Juss. gen. p. 123. edit. Usteri. p; 139. Scrophularineae, tribe 

 A. Verbascese, Bartl. and Rchb. See R. Br. prod. p. 444. 



Corolla rotate, with a flat, 5-cleft, unequal limb, or ventricose, 

 with a bilabiate limb. Stamens 5, of different forms ; of these 

 the upper one is sometimes sterile or wanting. Anthers 1-celled, 

 adnate to a hatchet-shaped connective. Carpels 2, joined into a 

 capsule, which opens from the apex. Endocarp changing into a 

 bipartible dissepiment. Placenta marginal, combined into a central 

 column, which is free from the margins, and constituting the axis 

 of the dissepiment, and which is rather prominent in the hollow 

 of both carpels. Seeds many, reniform, albuminose. Embryo 

 a little arched, central. Perennial or biennial herbs, of a mu- 

 cilaginous substance. Leaves alternate, usually decurrent or 



opposite, on a straight or twiggy stem. Flowers disposed in 

 terminal, usually elongated racemes or spikes, propped by the 

 decreasing leaves. Corollas white, yellow, or purple. Fila- 

 ments usually bearded. 



This order differs principally from Solanacece in the 1-celled, 

 reniform, or oblong anthers, which are sometimes bent in and 

 complicate, often unequal, and of different forms in the same 

 flower ; it also differs from Schrophuldrince by the same 

 reason. 



Synopsis of the genera. 



1 VERBA'SCUM. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate or funnel- 

 shaped. Stamens 5, inclinate, usually bearded, all antherifer- 

 ous. Anthers lunate. 



2 RAMONDIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, rather un- 

 equal. Stamens 5, all antheriferous, approximate, bearded ? 

 Anthers perforated at the apex. 



3 CE'LSIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate. Perfect sta- 

 mens 4, didynamous, bearded; anthers lunate. 



4 ISANTHE'RA. Flowers polygamous. Corolla in the male 

 flowers rotate, in the female wanting. Stamens equal, glabrous ; 

 anthers reniform, dehiscing by a vertical chink. 



I. VERBA'SCUM (of Pliny, who deduces it from Verbena ; 

 but according to others, it should have been Barbdscum, from 

 the bearded filaments. Hence it is called Barbas.io in Italian ; 

 and one species is called Thdpsus barbatus by some old authors.) 

 Tourn. inst. t. 61. Lin. gen. no. 245. Schreb. gen. no. 331. 

 Juss. gen. p. 124. ed. Usteri, p. 139. Gaertn. fruct. t. 55. 

 Lam. ill. 117. f. 2. Schrad. verb, in colum. soc. goett. vol. 2. 

 1813. Nees, in Lin. trans. 17. p. 79. Blattaria, Tourn. 



LIN. SYST. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- 

 rolla rotate or funnel-shaped. Stamens 5, all antheriferous, in- 

 clinate, usually bearded. Anthers all or only some of them in 

 the same flower, lunate. Capsule 2-valved ; valves bent in. 

 Seeds fixed to the central placenta. Usually strong, erect, pe- 

 rennial, or biennial herbs. Leaves broad, usually decurrent, 

 decreasing in size as they ascend the stem, until they become 

 bracteas. Flowers yellow, white, purple, or copper-coloured, 

 disposed in elongated, dense or loose, racemes or spikes. 



1. Leaves decurrent. Flowers disposed in dense spikes. 



1 V. THA'PSUS (Lin. spec. p. 252.) leaves crenulated, decur- 

 rent, lanceolate-oblong, tomentose : superior ones acute ; ra- 

 cemes spicate, dense ; calycine segments lanceolate, acute, to- 

 mentose above, equal in length to the fruit ; corolla subrotate, 

 with oblong, obovate, obtuse segments ; anthers nearly equal. 

 $ . H. Native throughout Europe, Siberia, Tauria, and Cauca- 

 sus, in sterile and waste places, especially on a gravelly or cal- 

 careous soil ; plentiful in Britain, in like situations ; also of 

 Nipaul and Kamaon. Smith, engl. bot. t. 549. Oed. fl. dan. 

 t, 631. Schkuhr, handb. 1. p. 136. t. 42. Woodv. med. bot. 

 p. 342. t. 125. V. lychnitis, Schultz, starg. no. 185. V. pal- 

 lidum, Nees, in flora, 2. p. 295. V. I'ndicum, Wall. cat. no. 

 2630. B. C. and F. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 91. no. 415. Hall. helv. 

 no. 581. Blackw. herb. t. 3. Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 9. f. 1. 

 Lob. icon. 1. p. 561. Plant soft from tomentum in every 

 part. Lower leaves a foot long. Racemes densely spiked, fas- 

 cicled, simple, or branched, often 3 feet long. Corolla yellow. 



