618 



SCROPHULARINE^E. CIX. GOMARA. CX. RHYNCIIOGLOSSUM. RHINANTHACE^E. I. RHINANTHUS. 



CIX, GOMA'RA (Lopez de Goinara, a Spanish botanist, 

 mentioned by Tournefort in his Isagoge Flore du Perou.) Ruiz, 

 et Pav. fl. per. syst. 168. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 4-cleft. Co- 

 rolla irregular ; tube curved, coarctate in the middle ; nectary 

 cup-shaped, membranous. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-celled, 

 2-valved, many-seeded. 



1 C. RACEMOSA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, 

 denticulated at apex ; flowers racemose. Native of Peru, in 

 woods ; flowering in the autumn. 



Racemose- Row ered Gomara. PL 1 to 2 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Angelbnia, p. 609. 



CX. RHYNCHOGLO'SSUM (from py x e, rhynchos, a beak ; 

 and -yXufftra, glossa, a tongue.) Blum, bijdr. p. 741. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx bilabiate : upper 

 lip trifid : lower one bifid. Corolla ringent : upper lip bifid, 

 reflexed : lower lip larger and semi-trifid : middle segment the 

 largest ; throat bicallous. Stamens 4, almost inclosed, 2 of 

 these sterile, and very small ; anthers connected. Stigma ob- 

 tuse. Capsule beaked, 1 -celled, 2-valved ; dissepiment double, 

 incomplete, contrary to the valves ; valves indexed on both 

 sides, and placentiferous. A much branched, rather downy 

 herb. Leaves alternate, (one being supra-axillary, and stipule- 

 formed,) oblong, very oblique. Raceme terminal, drooping ; 

 pedicels secund. Said by Blum, to be nearly allied to Gerdrdia. 



1 R. OBLI'QUUM (Blum. 1. c.) If. S. Native of Java, on 

 the Seribu mountains. Rheed. mal. 9. t. 80. 



Oblique-leaved Rhynchoglossum. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Angelbnia, p. 609. 



ORDER CLXX. RHINANTHA'CE^E (this order contains 

 plants agreeing with the genus Rhindnthus in the charac- 

 ters given below.) D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 454. D. Don. in edinb. 

 pliil. journ. vol. 33. p. 112. July 1835. Melampyraceae 

 Richard. Pediculares part, Juss. gen. p. 99. ed. Usteri. p. 111. 



Calyx tubular, 4-5-cleft, permanent. Corolla tubular, hypo- 

 gynous, deciduous, irregular, imbricate in aestivation ; upper 

 lip usually galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile ; anthers 

 spurred at the base. Ovarium 2-celled. Stigma undivided. 

 Capsule 2-celled, 2-4-valved, many-seeded. Testa of seeds 

 membranous. Albumen copious, fleshy. Embryo inverted, 

 terete ; radicle centrifugal, remote from the umbilicus. Usu- 

 ally humble, herbaceous, rarely suflfruticose plants, natives of 

 Europe, Asia, and North America. Leaves usually opposite, 

 and pinnatifid. Flowers terminal, spicate, bracteate. This is 

 intimately allied to the preceding order, but is satisfactorily 

 distinguished by its inverted embryo, with the radicle directed 

 to the opposite extremity of the seed. The tribe Euphrasieae 

 of Scrophular'mece have been included by most botanists in this 

 family, and were they to be retained, the separation between it 

 and the preceding order would be impossible. Cymbaria differs 

 from the rest of the genera in the very considerable degree of 

 developement of its embryo. 



Synopsis of the genera. 



TRIBE I. 



RHINANTHIE\E. Embryo minute at the apex of the albumen. 

 1 RHINA'NTHUS. Calyx compressed, membranaceously in- 

 flated. Upper lip of corolla galeate. Seeds few, girded by the 

 membranous wing. Alector61ophus, Stev. 



2 E'LEPHAS. Superior lip of corolla linear, beak-like. Seeds 

 few, striated. Rhinanthus, Stev. 



3 PEDICULA'RIS. Calyx 5-cleft, or unequally 2-3-cleft. Upper 

 lip of corolla galeate, elongated, usually incurved. Seeds girded 

 by a membrane. 



4 MELAMPY'RUM. Galea of corolla compressed, with repli- 

 cate lobes. Seeds large, wingless, one in each cell. 



5 PARENTUCE'LLIA. Upper lip of corolla galeate, concave : 

 lower one linear at the base, channelled, 3-lobed at top. Calyx 

 5-toothed, inflated. Seeds wingless. 



6 TRIPHYSA'RIA. Superior lip of corolla subulate : lower one 

 tripartite, with saccate segments ; anthers 1 -celled. Calyx 

 4-cleft. Seeds wingless. 



TRIBE II. 



CYMBARIE'*;. Embryo rather foliaceous, almost the length 

 of the albumen. 



7 CYMBA'RIA. Corolla tubularly ventricose. Calyx 10- 

 parted. 



I. RHINA'NTHUS (from ptv, rhin, a snout; and uvOoe, 

 anthos, a flower ; so named from its ringent corolla.) Lin. gen. 

 no. 740. Schreb. gen. no. 997. Juss. gen. p. 101. ed. Usteri. 

 p. 113. Gartn. fruct. 1. p. 255. t. 54. f. 5. Lam. ill. t. 517. 

 f. 1. Schkuhr, handb. t. 169. Alectorolophus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. 

 p. 68. Stev. mon. ped. p. 4. Ledeb. fl. alt. 3. p. 419. 

 Pedicularis species, Tourn. inst. 77. Cristagalli, Riv. mon. irr. 

 t. 92. f. 2, and of many other old authors. 



LIN. SYST. Didynumia, Angiospermia. Calyx compressed, 

 membranous, inflated, 4-toothed. Superior lip of corolla gale- 

 ate, compressed, bidentate at apex : lower one spreading, 3- 

 lobed. Anthers bipartite, mutic, villous. Capsule 2-celled, 

 obtuse, compressed. Seeds compressed, marginate, or girded 

 by a membranous wing. Marsh annual plants, natives of 

 Europe. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate, deeply toothed, 

 cordate at the base. Flowers opposite, bracteate, disposed in 

 terminal, secund spikes or racemes. Corollas yellow. 



1 R. CRISTA-GA'LLI (Lin. spec. p. 840.) stem slightly branch- 

 ed ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; calyx smooth ; style inclosed ; 

 seeds with a dilated, membranous border. Q- H. Native of 

 Europe and America, in barren pastures and meadows ; plentiful 

 in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 657. Curt. lond. 5. t. 43. Fl. 

 dan. 981.? Mart. fl. rust. 148. R. minor, Ehrh. herb. 46. 

 beitr. 6. p. 141. Alectorolophos crista-galli, Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. 

 p. 68. Mimulus crista-galli, Scop. fl. earn. no. 751. Alec- 

 torolophus glaber, All. ped. no. 



206. Hall. helv. no. 313. Cris- 

 ta-galli femina, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 

 436. f. 3. Dill. giss. append. 

 44. Crista-galli, Riv. mon. irr. 

 92. f. 3. Stem branched, qua- 

 drangular. Calyx greenish yel- 

 low ; segments of the upper lip 

 short, bluish. The plant has 

 the name of yellow-rattle from 

 the yellow flowers and rattling 

 of the seeds in the capsule when 

 ripe ; and for the same reason 

 it is called rattle-boxes in Ire- 

 land. It is known in some 

 counties by the name of Penny- 

 grass, and in Yorkshire by that 

 of Henpenny, from the shape 

 and size of the seed-vessels, like 

 1 



FIG. 60. 



