RHINANTHACE^E. I. RHINANTHUS. II. ELEPHAS. III. PEDICULARIS. 



619 



the silver penny. Its other appellation of Cockscomb is derived 

 from the appearance of the upper leaves, or bracteas, which 

 accompany the flowers. Mr. Miller says, that the Dutch for- 

 merly carried on a trade with the seeds and seed vessels of a 

 species of this genus to Germany. They call it Semen Sava- 

 dillos, and it appears very like the seed vessels of this sort. 

 The use they make of it is to kill vermin, especially bugs. 

 They boil a quantity of the seeds and capsules in common 

 water, with which they wash their wainscot, bedsteads, &c. 

 and it is said effectually to destroy the insects. 



Cockscomb, or Common Yellow Rattle. Fl. June, July. 

 Britain. PL 1 to 1 j foot. 



2 R. MA'JOR (Ehrh. herb. 56. beitr. 6. p. 144.) stem much 

 branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated ; bracteas taper- 

 pointed ; calyx smooth ; style prominent ; seeds slightly bor- 

 dered. 0. H. Native of Europe, in corn fields; in the 

 north of England, in Yorkshire, Northumberland, Durham, &c. 

 R. Crista-galli, y, of authors, /3. Lin. spec. 840. R. Alectoro- 

 lophus, Poll. pall. no. 580. Hoffm. fl. germ. 215. Roth. fl. 

 germ. 1. p. 264. 2. p. 53. Corolla yellow, with a purple 

 upper lip ; tube incurved. 



Larger Yellow Rattle. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. PI. 2 to 

 3 feet. 



3 R. HIRSU'TA (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 353.) stem branched ; leaves 

 lanceolate, serrated ; style inclosed ; ? calyx hairy ; seeds with 

 a membranous border. Q. H. Native of Middle Europe, as 

 of France, Switzerland, &c. in dry pastures. Mimulus Alecto- 

 rolophus, Scop. earn. no. 752. Alectorolophtis hirsutus, All. 

 ped. no. 201. Hall helv. no. 314. Crista-galli mas. Bauh. 

 hist. 3. p. 436. R. crista-galli, y, Lin. spec. 840. Corolla 

 yellow, with a purplish upper lip. ? Perhaps a variety of R . 

 crista-galli. 



//atry-calyxed Yellow Rattle. PI. 1 foot. 

 Cult. Sow the seeds in moist soil, and they will grow and 

 flower in cultivation. 



II. E'LEPHAS (from elephas, an elephant; from the resem- 

 blance of the upper lip of the corolla to the proboscis of that 

 animal.) Column, ecphr. 1. p. 186. t. 181. Tourn. cor. 48. 

 itin. 2. p. 299. t. 299. Rhinanthus, Stev. mon. ped. p. 3. 

 Rhinanthus species of authors. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermta. Calyx bipartite, even 

 to the base : lower lip bipartite : upper lip entire, or bidentate. 

 Upper lip of corolla beak-like, tubular : lower lip trifid. Cap- 

 sule 2-celled, 2-valved, obtuse, compressed. Seeds few, simple, 

 striated. Erect, annual, hairy, branched plants. Leaves oppo- 

 site, serrated. Flowers opposite, disposed in terminal bracteate 

 racemes or spikes. Corollas yellow. 



1 C. INCU'RVA ; upper lip of corolla subulate, incurved ; 

 calyx 4-cleft, the first under the beak of the corolla, the lateral 

 ones reflexed on both sides, and the fourth straight and obtuse. 

 0. H. Native of the Levant. Rhinanthus orientalis, Lin. 

 spec. 840. Mill. diet. no. 2. E'lephas orientalis flore magno, 

 proboscide incurva, Tourn. cor. p. 48. itin. 2. p. 96. & 126. 

 with a figure. Tournefort says this is one of the most showy 

 plants that the Levant produces. 



Jncurved-beaked Elephas. Fl. Julv, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 

 H foot. 



2 C. RE'CTA ; upper lip of corolla subulate, straight ; calyx 

 trifid, 2 of the segments reflexed, and the third larger, straight, 

 plicate, and acute. . H. Native of Italy and Siberia, in 

 shady places ; on the coast of the Black Sea, by Tournefort ; 

 also of Caucasus. E'lephas orientalis, Bieb. cauc. 2. p. 69. 

 Rhinanthus elepha?, Lin. spec. 840. Lerche, in nov. act. A. 

 N. C. 85. append. 183. E'lephas Campoclarensium, Col. ecphr. 

 l.p. 186. t. 188. E'lephas Italica, flore magno, proboscide sur- 



recta, Tourn. cor. 48. Mor. hist. 3. p. 432. sect. 11. t. 24. f. 

 14. Habit of the preceding. 



Far. ft, parvtflbra ; flowers smaller. . H. Native of the 

 Levant. E'lephas orientalis flore parvo, proboscide surrecta, 

 Tourn. cor. p. 48. itin. 3. p. 54. 



Straight-beaked E]ephas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 

 1| foot. 



Cult. For culture and propagation see Rh'munthus above. 



III. PEDICULA'RIS (from pediculus, a louse ; from its sup- 

 posed quality of making sheep that feed on it lousy.) Tourn. 

 cor. t. 77. Lin. gen. 794. Schreb. gen. no. 1067. Rottb. in 

 coll. hafn. 2. p. 255. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 246. t. 53. f. 5. 

 Lam. ill. 517. Schkuhr, handb. t. 171. Stev. mon. ped. 

 Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 424. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Angiospermia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5- 

 toothed, or unequally 2-3-toothed. Upper lip of corolla galeate, 

 elongated, usually incurved : lower lip trifid, closed, or often 

 spreading. Stamens didynamous. Cells of anthers usually acute, 

 but sometimes obtuse and spurred. Stigma subcapitate. Cap- 

 sule obliquely mucronate, rarely globose and straight ; valves 

 entire. Seeds girded by a membranous testa, rarely naked. 

 Usually simple herbs. Leaves alternate, opposite, or verticil- 

 late, deeply toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers sessile, disposed in 

 dense, terminal, interrupted spikes. 



SECT. I. PERSONA*T.S: (so named from the personate corollas.) 

 Stev. mon. ped. p. 17. Leaves opposite. Lower lip of corolla 

 erect, ex Stev. Lips of corolla closed, ex Benth. 



1 P. GRANDIFLORA (Fisch, in. mem. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p. 60. 

 no. 3. Stev. mon. p. 17. t. 2.) galea of the corolla, which is 

 closed, falcate ; leaves tripinnatifid. If.. H. Native of Dauria. 

 Plant glabrous. Radical leaves a span long. Flowers rather 

 remote. Bracteas broad, jagged. Calyx of P. sceptrum. Co- 

 rollas purple. Filaments villous at the base. Cells of anthers 

 awned. 



Great-flowered Lousewort. PI. 1| foot. 



2 P. SCE'PTRUM CAROLINUM (Lin. spec. 845.) lips closed; co- 

 rolla nearly equal ; galea obtuse ; leaves pinnatifid : lobes ovate, 

 crenulated ; stem few-leaved. If. . H. Native from Bothnia to 

 Dauria, in boggy or spongy parts of woods ; in Russia, to lat. 

 550 ; in Europe, not further south than the tops of the alps of 

 Salisburgh. Fl. dan. t. 26. Rudb. itin. 1. t. 1. Lin. fl. lapp. 

 no. 243. t. 4. f. 4, 5. Plant glabrous. Spike interrupted. 

 Flowers twin or tern. Lower bracteas leafy : upper ones ovate, 

 serrated. Corollas an inch long, golden-yellow : lower lip 

 tinged with purple or blood-colour. Filaments glabrous. Cells 

 of anthers obtuse. Rudbeck named this plant Sceplrum Caro- 

 r/imm, in honour of Charles II. king of Sweden, from its manner 

 of growth like a sceptre. The plant is common in Norway, 

 Denmark, and Lapland. In the plant figured in Flora Danica, 

 the leaves, bracteas, and flowers are 3-4 in a whorl. 



Charles's Sceptre. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 



3 P. LANCEOLA'TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 18. Stev. 

 mon. p. 18.) lips of clo.sed corolla nearly equal; g;ilea some- 

 what beaked ; stem leafy ; leaves lanceolate, opposite. If. . H. 

 Native of North America, in the States. Pursh, fl. 2. p. 425. 

 P. Virginica, Poir. diet. 5. p. 126. P. pallida, Nutt. gen. 

 amer. 2. p. 50. Pursh, 1. c. P. serotina, Muhl. cat. Stem 

 usually simple, glabrous at top, but furnished with 2 rows of 

 villi at base. Leaves doubly crenated, cut, downy beneath. 

 Spikes dense, 1| inch long. Bracteas ovate, crenated. Calyx 

 obliquely 2-lobed : lobes crenulated. Corollas yellow, smaller 

 than those of P. sceptrum Carollnum. Filaments glabrous. 

 Cells of anthers obtuse. 



Lanceolate- leaved Lousewort. PI. 1 to 3 feet. 

 4x2 



