758 



LABIATE. XXXI. ROSMARINUS. XXXII. MONARDA. 



from its possessing chemical properties which depend upon the 

 presence of camphor, and from its depositing crystals of cam- 

 phor when long kept. Rosemary is reckoned one of the 

 most powerful of those plants which stimulate and strengthen the 

 nervous system ; it has, therefore, been recommended in various 

 affections supposed to proceed from debilities or defective ex- 

 citement of the brain and nerves ; as in certain headachs, deaf- 

 nesses, giddinesses, palsies, &c., and in some hysterical and 

 dyspeptic symptoms. 



The ancients were well acquainted with this shrub ; and it is 

 mentioned by Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny. It has ever been 

 treated with great respect for comforting the brain and strength- 

 ening the memory ; hence the frequent allusions to this property 

 in our old poets. Its supposed quality of strengthening the 

 memory made rosemary an emblem of fidelity in lovers : it was 

 accordingly worn at weddings, and perhaps, on the same princi- 

 ple, at funerals. Rosemary is a principal ingredient in what is 

 known by the name of Hungary water; and the herb is taken as 

 tea by many persons for headachs, and disorders called nervous. 



There are several varieties of the rosemary, as, 1. R. angusti- 

 folia, Mill. diet. no. 1. The narrow-leaved or garden rosemary. 

 2. The silver-striped-leaved rosemary. 3. The golden-striped- 

 leaved rosemary. 



Officinal, or Common Rosemary. Fl. Jan. April. Clt. 1548. 

 Shrub 4 to 12 feet. 



Cult. Rosemary thrives best on dry rocky soils by the sea- 

 side, in the countries where it grows wild. It is hardy enough 

 to bear our winters in the open air, provided it be planted upon 

 a poor, dry, gravelly soil, or against a wall. Rosemary, if by 

 accident rooted in a wall, will endure the greatest cold of our 

 winters. The striped-leaved varieties are more tender, and 

 therefore require the protection of a frame or green-house in 

 winter. Rosemary may be increased by planting the young cut- 

 tings in the spring just before the plants begin to shoot, in light 

 earth under a hand-glass. When the cuttings are rooted trans- 

 plant them where they are intended to remain in September. 



XXXII. MONA'RDA (so called from Nic. Monarda or Mo- 

 nardes, a physician of Seville in the sixteenth century.) Benth. 

 lab. p. 315. Monarda species of Lin. and other authors. Mo- 

 narda and Cheilyctis, Rafin. Monarda and Coryanthus, Nutt. 



LIN. SYST. Di&ndria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, elongated, 

 15-nerved, nearly equal, 5-toothed ; throat villous inside, rarely 

 almost naked. Corolla with an exserted or inclosed tube, gla- 

 brous or pubescent inside, exannulate ; throat dilated a little ; 

 limb bilabiate ; lips linear or oblong, nearly equal : upper lip 

 erect, entire, or emarginate : lower lip spreading, shortly trifid 

 at apex : the lateral lobes ovate, obtuse : the middle one nar- 

 rower, oblong, refuse, or emarginate. Stamens 2 (inferior) as- 

 cending, usually exserted from the upper lip of the corolla ; the 

 rudiments of the two superior ones almost wanting; filaments 

 toothless, inserted at the throat of the corolla ; anthers linear, 

 somewhat 2-celled : cells divaricate, confluent, with connate 

 margins. Style almost equally bifid at top ; stigmas minute, ter- 

 minal. Achenia dry, smooth. Herbs, with entire, usually 

 toothed or crenated leaves. Flowers collected into a few dense 

 whorls, propped by bracteas. 



SECT. I. EUMONA'RDA (from eu, well, and Monarda. This 

 section is supposed to contain the true species of the genus.) 

 Benth. lab. p. 726. Genitals much exserted. 



1 M. ciDYMA (Lin. spec. p. 32.) leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, acuminated, roundly-subcordate at the base, rather hispid on 

 both surfaces, rarely glabrous : floral leaves sessile, and are, as 

 well as the outer bracteas, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed a long 

 way at the base, coloured ; calyx incurved, striated, coloured, 



with an almost naked throat; corollas quite glabrous, y.. H. 

 Native of North America, from Canada to North Carolina. Curt, 

 hot. mag. t. 548. Mill. fig. t. 183. f. 1. Trew. ehret. t. 66. 

 M. fistulosa, var. Curt. hot. mag. t. 145.? S. coccinea, Michx. 

 fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 16. M. purpurea, Lam. diet. 4. p. 256. M. 

 Kalmiana, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 17. t. 1. bad. M. pur- 

 purascens, Wender. ind. sem. hort. marb. 1828. M. Oswegoen- 

 sis, Bart, prod. fl. pennsyl. 1. p. 34.? Stems fistular, acutely- 

 tetragonal. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Whorls solitary or twin. 

 Bracteas, calyxes, and corollas scarlet. The leaves emit a very 

 grateful, refreshing odour. 



Didymous Monarda, or Oswega tea. Fl. June, August. Clt. 

 1752. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 



2 M. FISTULOSA (Lin. spec. p. 32.) leaves petiolate, ovate- 

 lanceolate, roundly-subcordate at the base, glabrous, pubescent 

 or hispid on both surfaces : floral leaves sessile, and are, as well 

 as the outer bracteas, a little coloured ; calyxes a little incurved, 

 scarcely coloured : throat hispid inside ; corolla villous. 'Jf.H. 

 Native of North America, among bushes, &c., very common, 

 West Coast, Canada, the States ; Texas, and near Jalapa in 

 Mexico. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. p. 28. t. 172. Mill. fig. t. 183. 

 f. 2. M. altissima, Willd. enum. p. 33. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. 

 p. 27. t. 170. M. longifolia, Lam. diet. 4. p. 255. M. glabra, 

 Lam. diet. 4. p. 256. M. rugosa, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. 1. p. 

 51. M. oblongita, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. 1. p. 51. M. pur- 

 purea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 17, but not of Lam. M. 

 clinopodia, Lin. spec. p. 32. M. allophylla, Michx. fl. bor. 

 amer. 1. p. 16. M. affinis, Link, enum. 1. p. 9. Rchb. icon, 

 exot. 2. p. 31. t. 182. M. undulata, Tausch, Rchb. icon. exot. 

 2. p. 31. t. 181. M. media, Willd. enum. p. 32. Sweet, fl. 

 gard. 1. p. 98. M. violacea, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 66. M. 

 involucrata, Wender. in ind. sem. hort. marb. 1828. M. com- 

 mutata, Wender, 1. c. M. lilacina, Wender, 1. c. M. hybrida, 

 Wender, 1. c. M. barbata, Wender, 1. c. M. varians, Bart, 

 prod. fl. penns. 1. p. 34. ? M. ccerulea, M. cristata, M. dubia, 

 &c., Hortul. This species is very variable in downiness, size 

 and colour of flowers and bracteas, and differs from M. didyma 

 in being taller ; in the calyxes and bracteas being less coloured, 

 in the corollas being smaller, more or less pubescent, and parti- 

 cularly in the throat of the calyx being hispid from pili inside, 

 and usually closed. Stems fistular or filled. Leaves green orca- 

 nescent. Corollas pale red or purplish, rarely deep violet or 

 purple, never scarlet. 



Var. /3. mollis (Lin. spec. 32.) leaves clothed with soft pu- 

 bescence ; upper lip of corolla densely bearded. 1. H. Na- 

 tive of the northern regions of North America ; as the spe- 

 cies is of the southern regions. M. mollis, Lin. amcen. acad. 3. 

 p. 399. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. p. 28. t. 171. M. menthaefblia, 

 Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 21. (1829) p. 347. Hook, 

 bot. mag. t. 2958. 



Fistular-stemmed Monarda. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1656. 

 PL 2 to 5 feet. 



3 M. BKADBURIA'NA (Beck, in Sill. amer. journ. scienc. 10. p. 

 260.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 

 clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, pilose on both sur- 

 faces : floral leaves and outer bracteas roundedly-sub-cordate 

 at the base, coloured ; calyx smoothish, striated, contracted 

 above, with a hairy throat, and subulate-awned teeth ; corolla 

 hardly twice as long as the calyx, almost glabrous outside : upper 

 lip very slender, and bearded at top. Tf. . H. Native of North 

 America in uncultivated places, near St. Louis, Beck ; along the 

 Missouri and Ohio, Torrey. M. fistulosa, Hook. bot. mag. t. 

 3310, exclusive of the syn. Stems glabrous or ciliated on the 

 angles. Whorls solitary, size of those of M. fistulosa. Corolla 

 pale, scarcely twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip marked with 

 purple dots. 



