790 



LABIATE. LVI. PRUNELLA. 



ing under the upper lip, dklynamous : the 2 lower ones the 

 longest. 



LVI. PRUNE'LLA (from the German die Braune, a disease 

 of the jaws and throat which this plant is said to cure.) Lin. 

 gen. no. 735. Schreb. gen. no. 990. Benth. lab. p. 416. Bru- 

 nella, Tourn.Mnst. t. 84. Juss. gen. p. 116. Moench, meth. F. 

 Hamilt. mon. in Ser. bull. bot. 1. p. 153. 



LIN. SYST. Didynamia, Gymnospermia. Calyx tubularly 

 campanulate, irregularly somewhat 10-nerved, and reticulately 

 veined, flat above, bilabiate ; upper lip flat, broad, truncate, 

 shortly tridentate : lower lip semi-bifid, with lanceolate seg- 

 ments ; throat naked inside. Tube of corolla ample, exserted, 

 ascending, annulate inside, near the base, with short hairs or 

 scales, inflated under the throat beneath, and a little contracted 

 at the throat ; upper lip erect, galeate, rather carinated above, 

 entire ; lower lip dependent, with the lateral lobes oblong and 

 deflexed, and the middle lobe roundish concave and crenulated. 

 Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending : lower 2 the longest ; fila- 

 ments toothless at the base, glabrous, shortly bidentate at top, 

 especially the upper ones; the lower tooth antheriferous. Anthers 

 approximate by pairs under the upper lip, free, 2-celled : cells 

 distinct, divaricate. Style glabrous, bifid at top ; lobes subulate, 

 stigmatiferous at the extremity. Achenia oblong, dry, smooth. 

 Herbs. Whorls 6-flowered, densely spicate. Floral leaves 

 bractea-formed, orbicular, permanent, equalling the calyxes, and 

 imbricated with them. 



1 P. HYSSOPIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 837. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 366. 

 under Brunella.) leaves sessile, oblong, or lanceolate, quite 

 entire, strigosely hispid ; lateral teeth of upper lip of calyx lan- 

 ceolate. 7^ H. Native of Spain, South of France and Pied- 

 mont, in dry open places. Brunella Canadensis. Mill. diet. 

 no. 2. P. hyssopifolia, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 42. t. 243. 

 Mor. hist. 3. p. 364. sect. 11. t. 5. f. 7. Stems ascending, and 

 like the leaves stifFer than in P. vulgaris. Superior leaves 

 somewhat stem clasping. Corollas smaller than those of P. 

 grandiflora, but larger than those of P. vulgaris, purple, rarely 

 white. 



Hyssop-leaved Self-heal. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Shrub 

 | to 1 foot. 



2 P. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec. p. 837. Mcench. meth. 414. 

 under Brunella.) leaves petio- 



late, ovate, quite entire or tooth- FIG. 8 1 . 



ed ; lateral teeth of upper lip of 

 calyx lanceolate ; corollas large, 

 more than twice as long as the 

 calyxes. 1J.H. Native through- 

 out Europe, along with P. vul- 

 garis, in woods and other shady 

 places. Jacq. austr. 4. t. 377. 

 Curt. bot. mag. t. 337. and 2014. 

 P. speciosa, Wender. schrift. 

 nat. gesel. marb. ex Benth. P. 

 hastaefolia, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 

 181. This hardly differs from P. 

 vulgaris, unless in the size of 

 the flowers. Herb glabrous or 

 villous. Leaves usually toothed 

 at the base, sometimes sub-has- 

 tate, and sometimes quite entire. 

 Corolla more than an inch long, violet or purple, seldom white. 



Great-flowered Self-heal. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1598. PI. 

 ^ to f foot. 



3 P. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. p. 837.) leaves petiolate, ovate or 

 oblong, entire, toothed or deeply pinnatifid ; teeth of upper lip 



of calyx truncate, awned or almost mutic, rarely sub-lanceolate ; 

 corolla half as long again as the calyx, or scarcely twice as long 

 as the calyx. Tf. . H. Native throughout the world in temperate 

 regions, Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Australia. Stems 

 branched from the base ; branches decumbent at the base. Plant 

 glabrous or pilose. Corollas violaceous, purple, white, rarely 

 pale red. 



Var. a, hispida (Benth. lab. p. 417.) stem and leaves villously 

 hispid ; leaves almost entire. If.. H. Native of the mountains 

 of India and South of Europe. P. hispida, Benth. in Wall. pi. 

 asiat. rar. 1. p. 66. P. hirsuta, Wender. schrift, nat. gesel. 

 marb. ? P. hirta, Bernh. ? ex Benth. Corollas violaceous. 



Far. ft, vulgdris, (Benth. lab. p. 417.) leaves entire, ovate or 

 oblong, glabrous or sparingly hispid. !{.. H. Native of Europe 

 and Asia, very plentiful, America, Australia. P. vulgaris, Lin. 

 spec. p. 837. Hook, fl. lond. vol. 3. icon. Curt. lond. 4. t. 42. 

 Fl. dan. 910. Mart. fl. rust. t. 137. Smith, engl. bot. t. 961. 

 Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 32. P. officinalis, Crantz, fl. austr. 279. 

 P. intermedia, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 180. but not of Rchb. P. lati- 

 folia, Donn. hort. cant. P. reptans, Dumort, fl. belg. p. 44. P. 

 surrecta, Dumort, fl. belg. p. 44. P. Fischeriana, F. Hamilt. 

 mon. p. 164.? P. Pennsylvania, Willd. enum. p. 631. P. 

 Caroliniana, Mill. diet. no. 6. P. aequinoxialis, H. B. et Kunth, 

 nov. gen. amer. 2. p. 323. t. 162. P. ovata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 

 137. Riv. mon. t. 29. f. 1. Mill. fig. t. 70. f. 2. Corolla 

 violaceous, seldom white or red. This plant being astringent, it 

 was formerly used in fluxes and in gargarisms, for aphtha and 

 inflammations of the fauces. It was considered as one of the 

 best vulnerary herbs, but is now out of use. 



Var, y, elongata, (Benth. lab. p. 417.) leaves entire, oblong- 

 lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly villous. If. . H. Native of 

 North America, plentiful, but rare in Asia and Europe. P. 

 elongata, Dougl. mss. B. Pennsylvania, Willd. enum. p. 631. 

 B. Australacica, Moric. ex Hamilt. mon. p. 162. t. 7. f. A. B. 

 P. angustifblia, Wender. schrift, nat. gesel. Marb. ? ex Benth. 

 Corollas violaceous. 



Var. B, parviflora, (Benth. lab. p. 417.) leaves almost entire, 

 ovate, sparingly hispid ; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx. 

 y.. H. Native of Europe, in the region of the Mediterranean. 

 B. parviflora, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 711. 



Var. t, pinnattfida (Benth. lab. p. 418.) cauline leaves all or 

 many of them cut or pinnatifid ; corollas purple. "%.. H. Na- 

 tive of the South of Europe. P. longifolia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 

 137. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 6. p. 21. t. 588. P. pinnatifida, 

 Pers. ench. 2. p. 137. P. incisa, Link, enum. 2. p. 121. ? P. 

 dissecta, Wender. schrift. nat. gesell. Marb. ? P. vulgaris pin- 

 natifida, Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 39. t. 239. 



Var. , laciniata (Benth. lab. p. 418.) cauline leaves deeply 

 pinnatifid, or the lower ones are entire ; corollas white or cream- 

 coloured. If.. H. Native of Europe, plentiful, but rare in 

 North America. P. laciniata, Lin. spec. p. 837. Jacq. fl. austr. 

 4. p. 41. t. 378. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 3. p. 38. t. 239. B. 

 sulfurea, Mill. diet. no. 5. P. alba, Pall ex Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 

 67. B. verbenas foliis, Vaill, bot. par. t. 5. f. 1. 



Common Self-heal. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. to 1 foot. 



Cull. All the species and varieties of Prunella are showy when 

 in blossom, and are therefore well fitted for decorating the front 

 of flower borders, or ornamenting rockwork. They grow in any 

 common garden soil, but prefer a moist, shady situation ; for in 

 rich land, or in an open situation, they seldom continue more 

 than two years. They are readily increased by division and by 

 seed. The seed should be sown in autumn as soon as gathered, 

 and the plants will rise early in spring ; but if the sowing be 

 deferred till spring, the plants seldom rise until the spring of the 

 following year. 



