824 



LABIATE. LXXXI. STACHYS. 



299. Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 5. t. 712. Betonica alpina, 

 Mill. diet. no. 3. Betonica foliosa, Presl. fl. sic. 37. ? Betonica 

 affinis, Wender. in bot. zeit. 1826. 1. p. 353. Betonica serotina, 

 Host, fl. austr. vol. 2. Betonica divulsa, Tenore, syll. fl. nap. 

 append, p. 641. ? Sabb. hort. rom. t. 82. Riv. mon. irr. t. 28, 

 Mor. hist. sect. 11. t. 5. f. 1. Petiv. herb. brit. t. 32. f. 6. 

 Very like S. densiflbra, but differs in the more slender stems, 

 longer petioles, remote smaller leaves, the more starved spike, 

 &c. Corolla purple or white. Betony was formerly much used 

 in medicine, but it is discarded from present practice. When 

 fresh it intoxicates. The leaves and flowers, according to Lewis, 

 have a herbaceous, roughish, and somewhat bitterish taste, with 

 a weak aromatic flavour. An infusion of them or light decoc- 

 tion may be drunk as tea. The roots are bitter and very nau- 

 seous ; in small doses they act as an emetic and aperient. The 

 plant dyes wool of a fine dark yellow colour. 



Var. ft, major (Benth. lab. p. 532.) spike elongated and 

 thicker, and the habit more like that of S. densiflbra, but the 

 superior leaves are lanceolate, not ovate. I/ . H. This is the 

 garden variety. 



Betony, Common. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. PI. 1 to Ij foot. 



4 S. LONGIFOLIA (Benth. lab. p. 533.) erect, villous ; leaves 

 petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenated, deeply cordate at 

 the base : lower floral leaves similar to the rest, sessile : upper 

 floral ones bractea-formed, and are, as well as the bracteas, ovate- 

 lanceolate, acuminated, shorter than the calyxes ; whorls many- 

 flowered : lower ones remote : upper ones approximate into -a 

 cylindrical spike ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, which 

 is tubular. 2/.H. Native of Caucasus. Betonica orientalis, 

 Lin. spec. p. 811. Lam. ill. t. 507. f. 2.? Leaves 4-6 

 inches long, and 5 but scarcely 1 inch broad, deeply and hastately 

 cordate at the base. Spike loosish, ^ foot long, interrupted at 

 the base. Corollas reddish, purple ; tube exannulate inside. 



Long-leaved Betony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1737. PI. 1 to 

 2 feet. 



5 S. GRANDIFLORA (Benth. lab. p. 533.) erect, villous ; leaves 

 petiolate, broad-ovate, obtuse, crenated, broadly cordate at the 

 base : floral leaves sessile, stem-clasping, almost similar to the 

 rest, gradually becoming smaller as they ascend, till the upper 

 ones become almost bractea-formed ; whorls many-flowered, dis- 

 tinct : tiie lower ones remote ; bracteas ovate-lanceolate, acute, 

 longer than the calyxes ; corolla about 3 times as long as the 

 calyx, which is tubularly campanulate : throat dilated. T^.H. 

 Native of Siberia, at the river Terek ; also of Caucasus. Beto- 

 nica grandiflora, Willd. spec. 3. p. 96. Curt. bot. mag. t. 700. 

 Rchb. icon. bot. eur. 8. p. 6. t. 715. Betonica orientalis, Thuil. 

 fl. par. p. 293. but not of Lin. Whorls 10-20-flowered. Corolla 

 violaceous, 12-14 lines long, glabrous ; tube exannulate inside. 



Great-flowered Betony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803. PI. 1 

 foot. 



6 S. oi'scotoR (Benth. lab. p. 533.) ascending, villous ; leaves 

 petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, deeply crenated, wrinkled above and 

 hairy, but clothed with white wool beneath : lower floral leaves 

 similar to the rest, sessile : upper floral leaves bractea-formed, 

 lanceolate, equalling the calyxes ; whorls many-flowered, rather 

 distinct, few ; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, which 

 is tubularly campanulate : throat dilated. 7/ . H. Native of 

 Eastern Caucasus, in stony places. Betonica nivea, Stev. in 

 mem. soc. mat. car. mosq. 3. p. 266. Betonica tnacroura, Otto.? 

 This is a very elegant species, of the size, and with the flowers 

 of S. grandiflora. Leaves form of those of S. hirsula, green 

 above. Calyx woolly. Corollas large. 



Var. a, rosea ; flowers rose-coloured. If. . H. 

 Var. ft, ochroleuca ; flowers cream-coloured. I/. H. 

 7W-coZeraraf-leaved Betony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. 

 PI. 1 to 1| foot. 



SECT. II. ERIOSTACHYS (from tpiov, erion, wool, and 

 stachys, a spike ; spikes woolly.) Benth. lab. p. 534. Erios- 

 tachys species. Rchb. fl. germ. exc. p. 319. Eriostomum, 

 Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. Perennial or biennial herbs, clothed 

 with soft villi or wool. Whorls many-flowered. Outer bracteas 

 alone equalling the calyxes or hardly shorter than them. 



7 S. HERA'CLEA (All. ped. 1. p. 31. t. 84. f. 1.) erect, woolly 

 from very long hairs ; leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, crenated, 

 subcordate at the base : floral leaves very broadly ovate, quite 

 entire, and broadly cordate at the base, scarcely exceeding the 

 calyxes ; whorls many-flowered, distinct ; bracteas ovate or ob- 

 long : outer ones equalling the calyxes ; calyx woolly, with 

 ovate, very acute subspinose teeth. %. H. Native of Europe, 

 in the region of the Mediterranean, in dry uncultivated places ; 

 as of Spain, Eastern Pyrenees, France about Rhodes, Provence, 

 Piedmont, Italy, Sicily, &c. Sideritis Heraclea, Col. ecphr. 1. t. 

 131. ex Allion. S. intermedia, Tenore, fl. nap. p. 34. ex. D. C. 

 but not of Ait. S. barbata, Lapeyr, abr. p. 336. S. phlomoides, 

 Willd. enum. suppl. p. 41. Betonica Heraclea, Lin. syst. 535. 

 mant. p. 83. Stems many, from a thick perennial base. Cauline 

 leaves 2-5 inches long, and hardly 1 inch broad. Racemes sim- 

 ple. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, purple, form of that of 

 S. Germdnica. 



Var. ft, lulea (Benth. lab. p. 534.) flowers yellow. I/ . H. 

 Native of Croatia, Dalmatia, and near Constantinople. S. obliqua, 

 Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 142. t. 134. S. Cretica, Forsk. fl. 

 const, p. 28. but not of Lin. S. orientalis, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 64. 

 Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 6. p. 48. t. 134. This only differs 

 from the species in the colour of the flowers. 



Heraclean Hedge Nettle. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. PI. 1 

 foot. 



8 S. MOLLI'SSIMA (Willd. hort. berol. 60. t. 60.) humble, erect, 

 clothed with soft villi ; leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, crenated, 

 cordate at the base, wrinkled, greenish on both surfaces, very 

 villous ; whorls many-flowered ; bracteas linear, equalling the 

 calyxes ; calyx campanulate, villous, with acute, rather spinose 

 teeth : corolla pubescent outside, half again as long as the 

 calyx. If. H. Native of Spain, and of the Island of Corfu. 

 Leaves like those of S. a/plna, but smaller. Corollas pale pur- 

 ple. ? 



Very soft Hedge Nettle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. PI. \ 

 to f foot. 



9 S. PU'MILA (Russ. nat. hist. alep. 2. p. 255. t. 10.) peren- 

 nial or suffruticose, humble ; leaves almost radical, petiolate, 

 ovate, obtuse, cordate at the base, wrinkled, clothed with hoary 

 tomentum on both surfaces ; whorls few, many-flowered ; outer 

 bracteas about equal in length to the calyxes ; calyx nearly gla- 

 brous, with lanceolate-subulate teeth, which are about equal in 

 length to the tube. If., or Pj . F. Native of Syria, near Aleppo, 

 Russell. Stems rising from a short woody base. Radical leaves 

 almost like those of Sdlvia pomifera. Floriferous branches 2-4 

 inches high, bearing 2-4 whorls. Floral leaves roundish, wrin- 

 kled. Whorls 15-20 -flowered. 



Dwarf Hedge Nettle. PI. to \ foot. 



10 S. SWAINSONII (Benth. lab. p. 535.) herbaceous, ? pilosely 

 woolly, procumbent at the base, much branched ; leaves petio- 

 late, ovate, obtuse, crenated, rounded at the base, wrinkled, very 

 soft ; whorls 2-10-flowered ; bracteas one half shorter than the 

 calyxes, rarely minute ; calyx campanulate, villous, with lanceo- 

 late, very acute, rather spinose teeth ; corolla twice as long as 

 the calyx. 7. ? H. Native of Greece, on Mount Parnassus, 

 Swainson ; Ithaca, P. B. Webb. Prasium hirsutum, Poir. diet. 5. 

 p. 611. This species is allied to sect. Zietenia. Leaves about 

 | an inch long. Racemes dense. Corolla villous outside. Ring 

 of tube rather oblique. 



Swainson's Hedge Nettle. PI. | foot. 



