CHAP. XVIIL] BIRDS. 267 



The Phyllornithidse, or " Green Bulbuls," are a small group of 

 fruit-eating birds, strictly confined to the Oriental region, and 

 ranging over the whole of it, with the one exception of the Philip- 

 pine Islands. The genera are : 



( 1022 ) Phyllornis (12 sp.), India to Java, Ceylon, and Hainan ; 

 (n 66 ) 2ora (4 sp.), the whole Oriental region ; ( 1163 ) Erpornis (2 

 sp.), Himalayas, Hainan, Formosa, and Borneo. 



FAMILY 13. PYCNONOTID^S. (f Genera, 1$$ Species.) 

 GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. 



NEOTROPICAL I NEARCTIC 

 SUB-REGIONS. SUB-REGIONS 



PAL/EARCTIC 

 SUB-REGIONS. 



ETHIOPIAN I ORIENTAL 

 SUB-REGIONS. SUB-REGIONS. 



AUSTRALIAN 

 SUB-REGIONS. 



1.2.3.4 



1 .2.3.4 



The Pycnonotidse, Bulbuls, or fruit- thrushes, are highly charac- 

 teristic of the Oriental region, in every part of which they abound ; 

 less plentiful in the Ethiopian region, and extending to Palestine 

 and Japan in the Palaearctic, and to the Moluccas in the Aus- 

 tralian region, but absent from the intervening island of Celebes. 

 The genera are : 



Microscdis (6 sp.), Burmah, the Indo-Malay Islands, and 

 Japan ; Pycnonotus (52 sp., in many sub-genera), Palestine to 

 South Africa, the whole Oriental region, China, and Japan ; 

 Alcurus (1 sp.), Himalayas; Hemixus (2 sp.), Nepal, Bootan, 

 Hainan ; Phyllastrephus (4 sp.), West and South Africa ; Hypsi- 

 petes (20 sp.), the whole Oriental region, Madagascar and the 

 Mascarene Islands ; Tylas (1 sp.), Madagascar ; Criniger (30 sp.), 

 the whole Oriental region (excluding Philippines), West and 

 South Africa, Moluccas; Ixonotus (7 sp.), West Africa; ( 1015 1017 ) 

 Setornis (3 sp.), Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo; Idle (4 sp.), 

 Aracan and Malaya; Andropadus (9 sp.), Tropical Africa ; ( 1157 ) 

 Lioptilus (1 sp.), South Africa. 



