126 THE BEGINNER IN POULTRY 



head and throat may be induced by wrong feeding ; and 

 even the last may be brought on by wrong handling. 

 The liver, the bowels, and the egg organs are, however, 

 subject to diseases which may pass from fowl to fowl in 

 the flocks. Dr. Salmon has stated his belief that even 

 inflammation of the oviduct, resulting in clusters of eggs 

 looking as if cooked, and ruining the bird showing the 

 difficulty, is contagious, or may be so. 



This brings us to the consideration of disinfectants. 

 More and more, everywhere, the medical profession is 

 leaning on disinfectant treatment, just careful cleans- 

 ing, while natural forces repair the difficulty, whatever 

 it may be. Most of the disinfectants in use in poultry 

 yards at the present time are closely related to one an- 

 other. The intestinal disinfectants recommended by 

 Dr. Salmon are naphthol, benzonapthol, betol, and salicy- 

 late of bismuth, the dose of each being named as one 

 half to one grain for a full-grown fowl. Speaking of 

 " blackhead " in turkeys, which, though beginning in 

 the blind sacs and affecting the liver, may yet rank as 

 an intestinal disease, he urges that all the turkeys on 

 the place should be killed, disinfection in general being 

 confined to the runs and ranges. But he says that if 

 internal disinfection is attempted, hyposulphite of sodium 

 may be useful in doses of two to four grains, or betol in 

 one-grain doses. Or, sulphur, ten grains ; sulphate of 

 iron, one grain; sulphate of quinine, one grain. This 

 last is 1 very often a friend to the poultryman, especially 

 in cases of cold and roup. 



There is a list of nearly forty species of worms infest- 

 ing poultry. Dr. Salmon calls turpentine an excellent 

 remedy for " all worms which inhabit the digestive canal " 



