TYPES OF MODERN HOUSING 163 



The clever reader will note that this house seems 

 much like the Tolman house, but that it overcomes the 

 lack of sunshine due to the Tolman low front. The 

 semi-monitor throws sunlight to the very back corners, 

 and thus satisfies the modern demand for the disinfective 

 power of sunshine throughout the house. But, in doing 

 this, the glass which occupies largely the narrow upright 

 space where the roof breaks and lowers, becomes a radi- 

 ator of heat, thus cooling the house quickly. This is 

 overcome by curtaining these upper windows, or shutter- 

 ing them. 



At the New Jersey Station new houses of various 

 types, and using different kinds of roofings, were 

 erected in 1910. Professor Lewis recommends only 

 one type of building for a permanent house that is to 

 be set directly on the ground. This has a solid wall 

 of brick, stone, or concrete, the last being the most 

 economical. For the wall, a trench is first dug, and 

 bedded several inches deep with cinders. On this is 

 set a form for the concrete, narrower than the trench. 

 The concrete itself may be made as an agglomerate 

 of stone, etc. On both sides the concrete, cinders 

 are filled in for drainage. The wall rises above the 

 surface. A layer of good cinders is at the bottom of 

 the concrete floor. A two-inch coating of concrete, 

 consisting of six parts sand and gravel to one part 

 cement, t s aid upon the cinders. When this is dry, 

 a finishing coat made with three parts sand to one 

 of cement is laid very smoothly. If the house is deep 

 and long, a pier is set at the center, at intervals, built 

 after the same manner as the side walls. On this stable 

 foundation, the preferred house is erected. 



