KEY TO SOME FAMILIES OF PHANEROGAMS 



GYMNOSPERMS. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. 



Trees or shrubs, usually with needle-shaped or scale-like evergreen leaves and 

 monoecious or dioecious flowers in catkins, the pistillate ones usually ripening 

 into cones (Coniferse), Pine Family, p. 13 



ANGIOSPERMS. Ovules in an ovary. 



MONOCOTYLEDONS. Flowers generally on plan of 3, never of 5 ; leaves 



usually parallel-veined. 



GLUMACEOUS DIVISION. Flowers rudimentary, enclosed in husk-like 



bracts. 

 Bracts for each flower 2 ; stems jointed, hollow, cylindrical or nearly 



so (Graminese), Grass Family, p. 21 



Bracts for each flower 1; stems not jointed, solid, triangular 



(CyperacesB), Sedge Family, p. 22 



PETALOIDEOUS DIVISION. Flowers having a true perianth ; not on a spadix. 

 Ovary free from the perianth, Stamens 6 



(Liliaceae), Lily Family, p. 23 

 Ovary adnate to the perianth. 



Stamens 6 . (Amaryllidaceae), Century Plant Family, p. 36 



Stamens 3 (Iridaceae), Iris Family, p. 37 



Stamens 1 or (rarely) 2 . . (Orchidaceae), Orchis Family, p. 39 



DICOTYLEDONS. Flowers generally on the plan of 4 or 5. In woody 



plants the woody fiber forms concentric rings. 



DIVISION I. APETAL.E. With but one set of floral envelopes or none. 

 Flowers in catkins. Trees or shrubs. 



Dioecious, 1 flower to each scale of the catkin; fruit a many-seeded pod, 

 each seed furnished with a tuft of cotton 



(Salicacese), Willow Family, p. 40 



Monoecious ; sterile catkins drooping ; fertile, erect, cone-like, with 1 or 

 2 flowers under each stiff, shield-shaped scale 



(Betulaceae), Alder Family, p. 42 

 5 



