82 BIOGKAPHIES OF SCIENTIFIC MEN 



the Artiodactyl and Perissodactyl Ungulata is representa- 

 tive of the best morphological work ; and Owen rendered 

 the greatest service to morphology in 1843 by his clear 

 definition of analogy and homology the former being illus- 

 trated by "a part or organ in one animal which has the 

 same function as another part or organ in a different 

 animal"; the latter being illustrated by "the same organ 

 in different animals under every variety of form and 

 function," i.e. organs of similar development and structure 

 are homologous ; organs of similar function are analogous. 

 The further elaborations of homology, due to the doctrine 

 of evolution, etc., have been worked out by Agassiz, 

 Bronn, Haeckel, Mivart, Lankester, and others. Owen is 

 the connecting-link between Cuvier and the present school 

 of biologists. On the one hand, he was unappreciative 

 of Darwinism, and on the other, " really believed in the 

 derivation of species from one another." He will always 

 be remembered, as long as natural history exists, for his 

 practical work in comparative anatomy and palaeontology ; 

 but many of his philosophical ideas have been superseded 

 by the work of modern biologists. It was unfortunate that 

 Owen did not appreciate the work of Darwin and others. 

 He was unable to accept the theory of the origin of species 

 by natural selection, but his investigations did much to 

 prepare the way for the general and rapid acceptance of 

 Darwin's theory, since it was felt that there must be some 

 strictly scientific explanation of the affinities by which 



