IO THE VESSEL, THE APPARATUSES AND THEIR APPLICATION. 



even- respect proved that it could be relied upon; this result had been obtained by placing the 

 reservoir for the mercury on the side of the thermometer-tube instead of in the prolongation of it, 

 furthermore the scale was divided in such a manner that readings of Vioo could be made with facility. 



This thermometer was exclusively used on the second voyage without one single mishap, and 

 must be recommended for application on future deep-sea expeditions, and whenever it is desired to 

 ascertain the exact temperature below the surface of the water'). 



Water-bottle. A water-bottle was used, to which the one constructed by Sigsbcc served 

 as a model, but of the following internal dimensions: io cm in diameter and ij cm in height 



The internal space was decreased by: i) the valve rod which is S 1 /^™ in diameter and i6 cra 

 long, 2) a cross-bar through which the valve rod slides, 8 mm square and io cm long, 3) the lower valve 

 which is a little arched and on the middle projects about 3 mm into the space. 



The capacity of the space was between 1240 and I250 ccm . 



The water-bottle was attached to the thermometer-line by jam-nuts. 



The thermometer-line employed at the taking of series, and to which thermometers and 

 water-bottles were attached, was a laid galvanized wire-line with a diameter of 4,5' nm , a breaking strain 

 of 900 — i,ooo k e, and delivered by the firm Felten & Guillaume in Millheim am Rhein. 



It was wound in a length of 4,000 fathoms on a reel moved by a two-cylinder engine; the line 

 was marked with coloured bunting sewed on to it every 100 fathoms, the first hundred fathoms were 

 again subdivided into 10 fathoms, the next 100 fathoms into 25 fathoms. 



The trawl-wire was a steel wire rope of io ram diameter with a breaking strain of 5,ooo k £; it 

 weighed about -ip*-*- per 100 fathoms. We had two lengths of it, each 4,000 fathoms, one of which was 

 wound on a reel moved by a two-cylinder engine, and placed forward on the port side. The wire-rope 

 was delivered by the firm Felten & Guillaume in Miilheim am Rhein. 



This wire as well as the afore-mentioned thermometer-line was made of excellent material. 



The trawl that was used, was a copy of the Sigsbee trawl, and we had it in two sizes, the 

 large one 10 feet broad, and a smaller one 4'/ 2 feet broad. A contrivance which proved to be very 

 practical, was the fitting of a number of strings, 6 lines placed on each side of the trawl-bag, with 

 the one end attached to the mouth-leech, and the other to the bottom of the trawl-bag. Even if these 

 strings could not be said to be an absolute protection against rending of the trawl bag on a stony 

 ground, they did at least good service in sparing the bag from chafing, and when damage occurred, 

 they kept the whole mass together, so that the draught was not lost To the trawl and trawl-frame 

 were always attached 5 or 6 swabs, when it was working. 



The dredge was of the type generally used, and with parallel mouth faces, height 4 feet, 

 breadth 3 feet 1 inch. Width at the mouth 1 foot 1 inch. 



The swab-rod was an iron-bar 5 feet 6 inches long with a thick circular iron disk, 1 foot 

 2 inches in diameter at each end to make it go clear of the irregularities of the bottom; the rod 

 had 5 swabs attached to it 



Plankton-apparatuses. The apparatuses used for collection of Plankton, were as afore- 

 said, with a few modifications, copied from those employed on the German Plankton-Expedition. 



') The thermometer is delivered by Negrelli &• Zambra in London. 



