126 



HYDROGRAPHY. 



the eastern boundary of the Polar Current This is in good conformity with the fact of this station 

 being the one of all the stations of the section that is in the nearest vicinity of station 112, at which 

 the ice-water almost had disappeared. 



The shape of the o° isotherms in the under-layer is about the same in both sections. In 

 section XVIII it comes to its lowest position a little north of station 112, while its lowest point in 

 section XIX is a little more southerly, that is to say a little north of station in. This circumstance 

 seems also to be indicative of the proximity of the boundary of the Polar Current, and, according to 

 what has been explained in the foregoing, not that of the ice-water at a given moment, but the 

 average-position of this line of demarcation during a length of time. 



SECTION XX. 



From station 119 in a southerly direction to station 48 of the Norwegian-North-Ocean-Expedition. 



It is obvious that the layer of ice-water does not go so far as to the Norwegian station 48, 

 when judging by the determinations of temperature that have been made at this station. This may 

 probably be accounted for in this manner, that the extent of the layer in a southerly direction has 

 not been so great at the time when the determinations were made at the Norwegian station, as it 

 was at the time when the Ingolf-Expedition made its observations. The o° isotherm in the under- 

 layer is rising in a southerly direction, just as in the southern part of the two foregoing sections. 



SECTION XXI. 

 In a southerly direction from station 120. 



Looking at the chart, it can be seen that the ice-water is stretching as far as south of 

 station 59, where it has a considerable thickness and very low temperatures. The values of salinity and 

 temperature in the two series f and g are determined by interpolation in the two sections XVI 

 and XVII. It appears that the ice-water in these two lines is a thinner layer, in which there are 

 not to be found so low temperatures as at the stations 59 and no; at station 120 the layer is con- 

 tracted again. That the layer is varying in thickness at different places, can again be accounted for 

 here by the fact of / and g being near the western boundary of the Polar Current proper, as, between 

 the Polar Current and the coast of Iceland, we meet with the not very salt but fairly warm water 

 mentioned on page 117. This water is, as has been said above, by the Polar Current led to the 

 southward, and it is different from the upper-layer of this current by its high temperature and a little 

 higher salinity. 



The o° isotherm in the under-layer has in this section its lowest point much more southerly 

 than in sections XVIII and XIX, namely between f and g. The depth for this lowest point of 

 the isotherm is nearly in all cases about 300 fathoms (565 M.). From its minimum point, the isotherm 

 is rising in a southerly direction, until it attains its maximum point in the proximity of station 59. 

 From this station it inclines downwards again towards the Faroe-Iceland ridge. 



Atlantic-water and Polar- water meet between the stations 59 and 4, and I am led to believe 

 that the two species of water become merged into one another. The observations in this section are, 



