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35 



By Dei Chilian 11 3 f? -J- 5 (V) were taken as far north as 75=37 L. X. and 6=40 L. W. As the 

 Danish East Greenland Expedition from tlie coastal waters only took the species in the few above 

 mentioned samples, and as not one was found in 13 surface samples (F. 244—262) taken from 9/^—17/.^ in the 



sea north-west and west of Jan Mayen, and as not one was collected in 47 samples (F. 265—310) taken 

 on the voyage home from 3%— 4/^ between Forblasfjord and 67° L. N. 23° L. W., there is reason to suggest 

 that the species was not very common in the mentioned period. 



Distribution. This species has its main area of distribution in the North-Polar Basin, (but has at 

 the present only been found as far east as 136 L. E.), where its propagation probably takes place; it is 

 found at the surface as well as in the lower layers. In the waters, which connect the polar seas, it is equally 

 found viz. the Bering Strait (von Bremen), the Barents Sea, the Davis Strait (Ingolf E.xpedition, 

 Vanhoffen and Stephensen in Karajakfjord), but especially in the ocean between Spitsbergen and 

 the east coast of Greenland. It was here found from the surface or 5—10 met. below it, when there 

 was floating ice, down to about 1000 meter.s. Probably carried by the north polar current it was found 

 in the North Sea, but generally in small uuiuljers and in the lower layers. The area around Iceland 

 in which it occurs in abundance "coincides almost exactly with the path of the east polar current 

 and takes the form of a broad tongue passing in a south-easterly direction between Iceland and Jau 

 Mayen and reaching almost as far as the Fseroe.s" (Farran p. 89). By the south-going bottom current 

 it is probably carried over the Wyville Thomson's and the Iceland-Fxroe ridges, and is accordingly 

 found scantily in the deeper layers of the North Atlantic as far .south as 54° L. N. on the west coast 

 of Ireland. By the assistance of the Labrador- and the Kuro-Sivo currents the .species is probably in a 

 similar way distributed over the West-x\tlautic and the Pacific. In the Skager Rak and the deep fjords at 

 the west coast of Norway it is .sometimes found abundantiv, according to vSar.s, as a relict fauna. If 

 he is right, it should be possible to find it in propagation here. It should be interesting to know, if 

 the species in the deep Atlantic is sometimes propagating, or if the stock must be renewed. The 

 temperature under which this species is found abundantly, lies between -^ 1-9 and p 6-o, the salinity 

 between 33-15700 and 35-18 "/oo- About the details in the biology and distribution of this species I refer 

 to the papers of Farran and Damas-K oef oed. 



Remarks. This species is in the three last stages easil\- disliuguished from Cal. fiiiiiiarcliicus. 

 lint the distinction in the earlier stages, in which the difference is only found in the size etc., may, 

 as pointed out b\' Damas & Koefoed, be very difficult if not impossible, especially in the polar .sea, 

 where Cal. fnniiarcliiciis attains a size of 5 mm. or more. 



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