HYDEAULICS. 



The science of hydraulics treats of the motion of non- 

 elastic fluids ; hydrodynamics, of the force of that motion ; 

 and hydrostatics, of the pressure, weight, and equilibrium. 



THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF HYDRAULICS, &c. 



1. Descending water is governed by the same laws as 

 falling bodies. 



2. Water will fall 1 foot in | of a second, 4 feet in a 

 second, and 9 feet in f of a second, and so on in the same 

 ratio. 



3. The velocity of a fluid propelled through an orifice 

 by a head of water in a cistern or reservoir, is the same 

 that a body would acquire by falling perpendicularly 

 through a space equal to that between the top of the head 

 and the centre of the opening, lets the friction which, in 

 pipes, drains, and sluices, increases as the square of the 

 velocity. 



4. The mean velocity of water propelled through an 

 opening by a head of 1 foot is 5f feet per second. 



5. Fluids press equally in all directions. 



6. The pressure of a fluid on the bottom of a vessel is as 



