104 THE HYDRAULIC KAM. 



The distance which the water has to be conveyed, and 

 the consequent length of pipe, have also a bearing upon 

 the quantity raised and its elevation, as the larger the pipe 

 through which the water has to be forced, the greater the 

 friction to be overcome, and the more the power consumed 

 in the operation. 



The ram can be applied to convey water a distance of 

 from 100 to 200 rods, and to elevations of from 100 to 200 

 feet. 



A fall of 10 feet from the spring or brook to the ram is 

 sufficient to force the water to any elevation not over 150 

 feet above the ram, and in distance not over 150 rods 

 from it. 



Although the same fall will raise water to a much 

 greater elevation, and force it to a greater distance, yet the 

 quantity will diminish as the height and distance are in- 

 creased. 



When a sufficient quantity of water is raised by an ade- 

 quate fall the fall should not be increased, as by so doing 

 the strain upon the ram is unnecessarily increased, and its 

 durability lessened. 



The proportion which the height to which the water is 

 raised, and the quantity raised, bear to the fall and to the 

 volume of the spring or stream, is about five times the 

 height of the fall, and \ of the volume of the stream forced 

 a distance of 50 rods allowing for the friction in both the 

 supply and discharging pipes. 



