SOILING CATTLE. 403 



manner in which stock is managed under the soiling system 

 will be to describe the operations as there carried out.* 



The farmf comprises sixty acres, lying in a nearly square 

 body, and all in one field. Adjoining the main farm there 

 is a small field in which to pasture calves during their first 

 summer only, but it is not intended that the older animals 

 shall ever feed except in their stalls. 



In the centre of the farm there is an enclosure of about 

 four acres, within which are concentrated all of the farm 

 buildings ; outside of this there is nothing to interfere with 

 cultivation no interior fences, rocks, nor trees. 



The barn-yards occupy two acres of what was formerly 

 an apple-orchard, and in the middle of this stands the barn 

 (40 ft. x 100 ft.). This has a cellar under the whole for the 

 accumulation of manure, and (one corner of it) for the storage 

 of roots. The main floor the whole extent of the building 

 is occupied by two rows of stalls, the animals facing a cen- 

 tral passage-way, through the entire length of which there 

 runs a railway with a car, for distributing the food. The 

 next floor above is used for the storage of hay and grain and 

 of implements, and for the cutting and steaming of food 

 in winter. Each floor and the cellar can be entered by 

 loaded teams. 



On the cattle floor there is a system of water-troughs 

 which are constantly supplied from a tank on the floor 



* To make this description more complete, a few improvements which are 

 contemplated for the coming year are spoken of as though now in operation, 

 f Ogden Farm, Newport, R. I. 



