4:04: SOILING CATTLE. 



above, which is filled by a wind-mill, from a running 

 spring. By this means water is always kept within reach 

 every animal. 



The floor is divided into four principal parts, separated 

 from each other by bars which run (one on each side of the 

 barn) from the rear of the stalls to the wall ; and each of 

 these divisions has its own door, communicating with a yard 

 nearly half an acre in size, surrounded by a four-foot stone 

 wall, and sufficiently shaded by the remains of the former 

 orchard. Each set of animals has its own quarters and its 

 own ample exercising ground, so that all danger from 

 over-crowding is avoided. 



They are turned out for exercise in pleasant weather at 8 

 A.M. and at 2 P.M., and are kept out (by closing the doors) 

 for about two hours each time. If the doors are left open 

 they return to their stalls almost immediately. Being 

 abundantly fed, they show no disposition to move about, and 

 I am satisfied that they give more milk and keep in better 

 condition than if they were allowed the best pasture without 

 shelter, even in the summer time. 



Five times a day they are given as much green fodder as 

 they will eat. This is cut in the field, loaded on to a cart, and 

 hauled to the upper floor of the barn, where it is dumped 

 through a trap-door into the car, by which it is carried to 

 the stalls. The manure is dropped through an open slat- 

 floor, and through scuttles, into the cellar, whence it is 

 drawn in wagons directly to the field, having been well 



