15 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GEORGIA. [294] 



Qualitative Analysis is the determination of the elements 

 contained in a substance, without reference to the quantity 

 of each. 



Quantitative Analysis is the determination of the amount 

 (usually in per cent.) of each element contained in a sub- 

 stance. 



A Mixture is a mechanical union of two or more sub- 

 stances each still retaining its distinctive properties. 



A Chemical Compound is the result of the chemical union 

 of two or more substances, by which each loses its peculiar 

 properties ; the new substance having its own characteris- 

 tics, different from those of the elements from which it is 

 formed. Thus copper and sulphur rubbed together, ever 

 so intimately, is still a mixture, since the grains of each 

 may be distinguished by means of the microscope. If the 

 mixture be heated, an entirely new substance will be pro- 

 duced having none of the peculiar properties of either 

 sulphur or copper. This is a chemical compound. 



An Acid has usually a sour taste, and will turn blue lit- 

 mus (a vegetable matter) to a red color. 



Bases. This name is given to a class of substances 

 which have the property of neutralizing acids and forming 

 with them what are known as salts. They are divided 

 into several classes, viz : alkaline (of which potash and 

 soda are examples ), which have the power of turning red 

 litmus to a blue color, and have a strong caustic action 

 upon fleshy tissue. 



Alkaline Earths, which are not so strongly caustic; lime 

 and magnesia are examples of these. 



There is a third class, which show no alkaline property, 

 except that of neutralizing acids. 



The salts include a great number of chemical compounds 

 formed by the union of acids and bases. They are desig- 

 nated by names derived from the acid which enters into 

 the combination. 



Those formed by the union of sulphuric acid with a base, 





