SCIENTIFIC MANUAL. 59 



minoids may be dissolved out by a weak solution of caus- 

 tic soda before washing. 



Cellulose and Starch are identical in chemical composi- 

 tion ; each having : 



Carbon 44.44 



Hydrogen -, 6.17 



Oxygen 49.39 



100.00 



Dextrine, also identical in chemical composition with 

 celullose and starch, is found in old potato tubers and the un- 

 ripe wheat plant. It may be made artificially from starch, 

 and is used extensively i-. the arts, especially in printing 

 calicoes. In baking breaa, * nortion of the starch is con- 

 verted into dextrine, the latter sometimes amounting to as 

 much as ten per cent. 



The glims constitute an important product from many 

 plants, and are extensively used in commerce. They are 

 convertible into grape sugar by long boiling in water. 



Von Bibra gives the following percentage of gum in 

 various substances air-dried: 



Whea( kernel , 4.50 



Wheat flour 6.25 



Rye flour. 7.25 



Barley flour , 6.33 



Oatmeal 3.50 



Rice flour , ..2.00 



Wheat bran 8.85 



Rye kernel ....4.10 



Millet flour 10.60 



Corn meal (maize) , 3.05 



Buckwheat flour 2.85 



Spelt flour ^ 2.48 



Pendleton. 



Sugar occurs in the several forms of cane sugar, fruit 

 sugar, grape sugar and milk sugar. 



