OATS, WHEAT AND COTTON. 137 



5. Crown Gall. 



6. Apple Scab. 



Among the best preventatives of fungus diseases are: 



1. Clean seed from uninfested fields. 



2. Use of manure that contains no fungi. 



3. Rotation of crops. 



4. Burning all fungus growths. ' 



Seed Treatment. 



Both the loose or head smut of oats and the stinking smut 

 of wheat are controlled by the treatment of seed, using 40 per- 

 cent formaldehyde, commercially known as formalin. To treat 

 seed wheat or seed oats use I pint or pound of the formalin to 

 40 gallons of water. Sprinkle piles of grain on tight floor or 

 canvas with this solution by means of sprinkler, meanwhile shov-* 

 eling the grain over so that every kernel is moistened it will re- 

 quire three-fourths gallon to one gallon of solution per bushel of 

 grain. When grain is so treated, allow it to lie in pile 2 or 3 

 hours or over night ; then spread to dry. After treating, handle 

 the grain in disinfected bags, mills and drills. 



To disinfect bags, soak same in the solution used to treat 

 oats. Mills and drills may be sprinkled with the same solution 

 or wiped with a cloth moistened in it. 



Cotton. 



COTTON STATISTICS. 



The states of the Union that lead in the production of cot- 

 ton are given in the following order of their production : Texas, 

 Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Alabama, Arkansas, Louis- 

 iana, and North Carolina. 



The world's production of bales in 1911 was 23,421,055. 



The total production of the U. S. in 1911 was 15,692,701 

 bales. 



PROBLEMS. 



1. What per cent of the total production of the world does the 

 U. S. produce? 



2. -The total value of the crop in 1911 was $732,420,000, what was 

 the average value per bale in the United States? 



