150 FARM AND SCHOOL PROBLEMS. 



They are sucking insects and are closely attached to the 

 bark of the tree. 



When they become abundant they form a thick scurfy layer, 

 being of a light color obscuring the natural color of the bark. 



Millions of these insects will quickly suck out the sap from 

 the bark. 



The :eggs are laid under the scale. Early in June in the 

 latitude of New York the young insects begin to crawl out. In a 

 few days they attach themselves to the bark, leaves or fruit. 



They complete their growth in about 4 weeks. Only the 

 males have wings. 



NOTE For treatment of scale, see spray calendar at end of this 

 chapter. 



Miscellaneous Problems. 



1. A fruit grower wishes to protect a young orchard of 500 trees 

 from rodents, such as mice, rats and rabbits, etc.; he purchases 

 a wire netting No. 22, % inch mesh, 36 inches wide, at $3 per roll of 

 100 linear ft; he cuts a 12 inch strip across the end of the roll, which 

 is sufficient to encircle a tree; what will be the cost of protecting his 

 orchard? 



One of the intricate problems of orchard management is 

 that of feeding the trees. 



The time was when it was generally believed that orchards 

 did not need fertilization. Now the application of a good bal- 

 anced ration, in the way of a manure or fertilizer is one of the 

 problems that is being solved by scientific horticulture. 



It has been determined that the fertilizer requirements of an 

 orchard are dependent upon some of the following conditions : 



1. The age of the trees. 



2. The vigor as indicated by the annual growth. 



3. The nature of the variety. 



4. The character of the soil. 



5. The cultural system employed. 



6. The kind of cover crop used. 



7. The nature and amount of other crops grown in the orchard. 



8. The availability of the fertilizing material. 



9. The severity of pruning. 



10. Size of the expected crop. 



11. The character of the season. 



