2O4 FARM AND SCHOOL PROBLEMS. 



hard to learn but the application of this knowledge depends 

 much upon continued practice. 



It is not difficult to estimate the age of colts, because size 

 and general appearance are a safe guide and very old horses 

 are easily detected by general appearance and especially by the 

 white hairs appearing about the temple, eyes, nostrils, and else- 

 where. The head becomes pointed the face depressed the 

 eyes hollowed, the backbone more prominent and curved, the legs 

 improperly shaped and showing wear. 



Estimating Age by the Teeth. 

 Three years old 



The permanent pair of center nippers replace the temporary 

 ones and are much larger, having deep cups. 



Four years old 



The intermediate pair of permanent nippers appear. 

 The center pair that appeared at three years of age are much 

 worn and the cups are about one-third gone. 



Five years old 



The permanent corner nippers appear. The permanent teeth are 

 complete. 



The center nippers show two years' wear have changed in shape 

 and the cups are two-thirds gone. 



The intermediate nippers show one year's wear and the cups 

 are one-third gone. 



Six years old 



The cups in the center pair in the lower jaw have disappeared, 

 or nearly so. 



The corner nippers shows one year's wear. 



Seven years old 



The cups are gone from the intermediate pair in the lower jaw. 



The cups have become quite shallow in the corner nippers. 



There is a notch in the upper corner nipper, which overlaps the 

 lower one. 



The nippers are thicker from inside out. 



They are more curved on the inside and meet at a sharper angle. 



Eight years old 



The cups are all gone from the nippers of the lower jaw. 

 The cups are present in all the nippers of the upper jaw. 



