CATTLE. 229 



Barley, used as follows : 

 Grain feed. 

 Ground feed. 

 Brewer's grains, (wet malt) and (dry malt). 



Wheat, used as : 

 Grain. 

 Bran. 

 Middlings. 

 Shorts. 



Soybeans are used in the following ways: as, grains: hay; ensilage; 

 meal. 



ROUGHAGE : 



Roughage consists in using straw and hay as feed. 



Among the hays used are alfalfa, clover, soybean, cowpea, field pea, 



oats, millet, sorghum, timothy. 

 Among stalks may be mentioned corn. 



Different kinds of straw are also used as, wheat straw, oats straw, 

 etc. 



SUCCULENT FEEDS : 



Succulent feeds are those feeds which contain a large percentage of 

 water, and are fed green; they take the place of green pasture. 

 They are important feeds for their physiological effects, and are 

 used principally in winter with dry feeds. 



Different kinds of silage and roots are used for succulent feeds. 

 Among the silage feeds are alfalfa, corn, soybeans, clover, etc. 

 Mangels, sugar beets, turnips, pumpkins can be used to good effect. 



To Determine a Balanced Ration. 



The following important facts must be determined before it 

 is possible to arrange a ration that is very nearly suited to the 

 needs of the individual cow for a specific purpose : 



1. Producing or maintenance ration. 



2. Weight of cow. 



3. Quantity of milk produced per day. 



4. Per cent of butter fat in milk. 



5. Condition. 



A balanced ration for a cow is a ration containing just the 

 right amount of digestible protein with carbo-hydrates and fat 

 to supply the needs of the cow when she is to be fed for a cer- 

 tain specific purpose. 



