STONE AND CEMENT CONSTRUCTION. 505 



The growth and development of a community cannot con- 

 tinue unless the improvement of roads keeps pace with the de- 

 mands of those who believe in the following principles: 



1. Better schools and churches. 



2. Better social conditions in town and country. 



3. Better homes equipped with better facilities and conveniences. 



4. Better transportation, values and markets. 



5. Better, easier and more profitable employment. 



6. Better means of communication and travel. 



7. Better means of social intercourse. 



8. Better distribution of labor in transportation. 



9. Better economy in travel, and communication of intelligence. 



10. Better prices for better marketed products. 



11. Better and more equitable distribution of opportunities. 



12. Better people and better government. 



Transportation Problems. 



The cost of transportation is usually determined by finding 

 the cost of hauling one ton one mile over a public highway or 

 railway or waterway. 



The average freight rate in the United States is about i cent 

 per ton mile. The average cost of hauling on public highways 

 is about 25 cents per ton mile. The average cost of ocean freight 

 from New York to Liverpool is $0.0003 P er ton mile or about 

 $i per ton for 3,100 miles. 



PROBLEM. 



1. From the Bureau of Statistics, reports have been given out from 

 which it is estimated that the cost of transportation to market of 12 of 

 the principal farm crops in one year was $73,000,000; this was 5.2 per 

 cent of the value of those crops; what was the value of the crops trans- 

 ported? 



There is much complaint against socalled unjust taxes, high 

 taxes, and inequitable distribution of taxes, 'but it is very evident 

 that the most unjust and exorbitant of all taxes is the bad-road 

 tax. 



PROBLEMS. 



1. A farm is located five miles from a shipping point on the railroad ; 

 the owner delivers to market on an average 50 tons per year; he must 

 do his hauling over a road that is in poor condition ; he can only haul 



