-Can 



CVcc Osp 



Fi ;. 948. Salamandra atra. The skull. A, from above; B, from below. In both the 

 investing bones are removed on the right side of the figure. At, antorbital process ; As, 

 alisphenoid region ; Bp, basal plate ; Can, nasal cavity ; Ch, posterior nares ; Ci, process of 

 internasal plate ; Cocc. occipital condyles ; F. frontal ; Fl, olfactory foramen ; Fov. fenestra 

 ovalis ; IN. internasal plate ; Lyt. ligament connecting stapes with suspensorium \'M. maxilla ; 

 N. nasal ; JV. nasal aperture ;>NK, olfactory capsule ; OB, auditory capsule; OS, spheneth- 

 moid (orbitosphenoid); Osp. supraoccipital region ; P, parietal ; Pa. ascending process of suspen- 

 sorium ; ped. pedicle ; Pf. prefrontal ; Pmx. premaxilla ; Pot. otfc process of suspensorium ; 

 Pp. palatine process of maxilla ; Ps. parasphenoid ; Pt. pterygoid bone^ ; Itc. pterygoid 

 cartilage ; Rt, foramen for ophthalmic branch of trigeminal ; Qu. quadrate ; Squ. para- 

 quadrate (squamosal) ; St. stapes ; Vo. vomer ; Vop. vomero-palatine ; Z t process of inter- 

 nasal plate ; II, optic foramen ; V, trigeminal foramen ; VII, facial foramen. (From 

 Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy.) 



-Prf 



Fir;. <i4f. Skull of Ichthyophis glutinosa, x3. A, Lateral; B, Ventral; C, Dorsal view. 

 A. posterior process of the os articulare ; Co,, carotid foramen ; Ch. choana or posterior nasal 

 opening ; F. frontal ; /. jugal ; LO. exoccipital ; MX. maxilla ; N. nasal ; No. nostril ; 

 0. orbit ; P. parietal ; Pa. palatine ; Pm. premaxilla ; Pof. postfrontal ; Prf. prefrontal ; 

 Pt. pterygoid ; Q. quadrate ; S. paraquadrate (squamosal); St. stapes ; T. tentacular groove ; 

 Vo. vomer ; x. exit of vagus nerve. (After Sarasin.) 



