376 ZOOLOGY SECT. 



(g.v.). The vertebrae are proco?lous, except the caudals, which are amphi- 

 coalous. The cervical vertebra? are elongated and stout, the neck being of 

 considerable length ; there are three to six ankylosed sacrals. The anterior 



FIG. 1018. Pterodactylus spectabilis. Three-fourths of the natural size. (From Zittel, 



after H. v. Mayer.) 



thoracic ribs are bifid at their vertebral ends. The sternum is broad, with a 

 longitudinal keel. The skull (Fig. 1019), set on the neck at right-angles as 

 in a Bird, is of large size and superficially resembles that of a Bird in general 

 shape, and particularly in the presence of an elongated, pointed rostrum ; the 



FK;. 10) .0. Skull of Scaphognathus. D. pre-orlntal aperture; Fr. frontal ; /v.jugal; Ms. 

 ~~axilla ; N. nasnl opening; Pmx. preniaxilla ; Qu. quadrate. (After Zittel.) 



ma 



orbits are large, and contain a ring of sclerotic ossifications. The sutures are 

 obliterated, as in the skull of a Bird. The quadrate is immovably fixed to the 

 skull. In the pectoral arch the scapula and coracoid are long and slender, like 

 those of Birds : procoracoids and clavicles are absent. The pelvis and hind-limbs 



