440 ZOOLOGY SECT, xin 



while the metatarsal region elongates and gives rise to the equally 

 characteristic foot. At the same time feather-papillae make their 

 appearance, arranged in narrow and well-defined ptervlse. 



At an early period capillaries appear in the extra-embryonic 

 blastoderm between the opaque and pellucid areas, and give rise 



all 



FIG. 1077. Gallus bankiva. Egg with embryo and foetal appendages. . air-space ; nil. 

 allantois ; />t. aranion ; ar. rase, area vasculosa ; emb. embryo ; yk: yolk-sac. (After Duval.) 



to a well-defined area vasculosa (Fig. 1077, ar. vase.) : they are sup- 

 plied by vitelline arteries from the dorsal aorta, and their blood is 

 returned by vitelline veins which join the portal vein and take the 

 blood, through the liver, to the heart. The vascular area gradually 

 extends until it covers the whole of the yolk-sac : its vessels 

 take an important share in the absorption of the yolk by the 

 embryo. 



Before the embryo has begun to be folded off from the yolk the 

 rudiment of one of the two characteristic embryonic membranes 

 the amnion, has appeared. A crescentic amniotic fold arises 

 (Fig. 1078, A, am.f.\ in front of the head-end of the embryo, from 

 the region of the pro-amnion : it consists at first of ectoderm only, 

 the mesoderm not having yet spread into the pro-amnion. The 

 fold is soon continued backwards along the sides of the body (B) 

 and round the tail (A), but in these regions (am./.') it consists 

 from the first of ectoderm plus the somatic layer of mesoderm, i.e., 

 it is a fold of what may be called the extra-embryonic body-wall. 

 The cavity is a prolongation of the space between the somatic and 

 splanchnic layers of mesoderm, i.e., is an extension of the extra- 

 embryonic ccelome. 



The entire amniotic fold gradually closes in above (C), forming 

 a double-layered dome over the embryo. Its inner layer, formed 

 of ectoderm internally and mesoderm externally, is the amnion 

 (am.), the cavity of which becomes filled with a watery amniotic 

 fluid, serving as a protective water-cushion to the enclosed embryo* 



