TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



SEJCTION I. 

 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE. 



PAGE 



CHAPTER I. THE PHENOMENON OF CONTRACTION 17 



The Histological Structure of the Muscle Fiber, 18. Its Appearance by Polarized 

 Light, 19. The Extensibility and Elasticity of Muscular Tissue, 20. The Inde- 

 pendent Irritability of Muscle, 23. Definition and Enumeration of Artificial Stim- 

 uli, 24. The Duration of the Simple Muscle Contraction, 26. The Curve of a 

 Simple Muscle Contraction, 26. The Latent Period, 27. The Phases of Short- 

 ening and Relaxation, 27. Isotonic and Isometric Contractions, 28. Maximal 

 and Submaximal Contractions, 28. Effect of Temperature upon the Simple Con- 

 traction, 29. Effect of Veratrin on the Simple Contraction, 31. Contracture, 32. 

 Fatigue, the Treppe, and Effect of Rapidly Repeated Stimulation, 34. The 

 Wave of Contraction and Means of Measuring, 35. Idiomuscular Contractions, 

 36. The Energy Liberated during a Muscular Contraction, 36. The Propor- 

 tional Amount of this Energy Utilized in Work, 38. The Curve of Work and 

 the Absolute Power of a Muscle, 39. Definition of Tetanus or Compound Con- 

 traction, 41. The Summation of Contractions, 43. Discontinuity of the Proc- 

 esses of Contraction in Tetanus, 44. The Muscle-tone, 44. The Rate of Stimu- 

 lation Necessary for Complete Tetanus, 45. The Tetanic Nature of Voluntary 

 Contractions, 45. The Ergograph, 47. Results of Ergographic Experiments, 

 49. Sense of Fatigue, 50. Muscle Tonus, 51. Rigor Mortis and Rigor Ca- 

 loris, 52. The Occurrence and Structure of Plain Muscle Tissue, 55. Distinctive 

 Properties of Plain Muscle, 56. The General Properties of Cardiac Muscular 

 Tissue, 58. The Contractility of Cilia and Their General Properties, 58. 



CHAPTER II. THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE AND THE CHEM- 

 ICAL CHANGES OF CONTRACTION AND OF RIGOR MORTIS 61 



The Composition of Muscle Plasma, 61. The Proteins of Muscle, 61. The 

 Carbohydrates of Muscle, 63. Lactic Acid in Muscle, 64. The Nitrogenous Ex- 

 tractives of Muscle, 64. Pigments of Muscle, 65. Enzymes of Muscle, 65. Inor- 

 ganic Constituents of Muscle, 65. The Chemical Changes in Muscle during 

 Contraction, 66. The Chemical Changes during Rigor Mortis, 69. The Relation 

 of the Waste Products to Fatigue, the Chemical Theory of Fatigue, 70. Theories 

 of the Mechanism of the Contraction of Muscle, 72. 



CHAPTER III. THE PHENOMENON OF CONDUCTION. PROPERTIES OF 



THE NERVE FIBER 75 



General Statement Regarding Property of Conductivity, 75. Structure of 

 the Nerve Fiber, 75. Function of the Myelin Sheath, 76. Chemistry of the 

 Nerve Fiber, 77. The Nerve Trunk an Anatomical Unit Only, 77. Definition 

 of Afferent and Efferent Nerve Fibers, 79. Classification of Nerve Fibers, 80. 

 The Bell-Magendie Law of the Composition of the Anterior and the Posterior 

 Roots of the Spinal Nerves, 81. Cells of Origin of the Anterior and Posterior 

 Root Fibers, 83. Origin of the Afferent and Efferent Fibers in the Cranial Nerves, 

 83. Independent Irritability of Nerve Fibers, Artificial Nerve Stimuli, 84. 

 Du Bois-Reymond's Law of Stimulation by the Galvanic Current, 86. Electro- 

 tonus, 87. Pfluger's Law of Stimulation,' 88. The Opening and the Closing 

 Tetanus, 90. Mode of Stimulating Nerves in Man, 90. Motor Points of Muscles, 

 91. Physical and Physiological Poles, 93. 



CHAPTER IV. THE ELECTRICAL PHENOMENA SHOWN BY NERVE AND 



MUSCLE 95 



The Demarcation Current, 95. Construction of the Galvanometer, 97. Con- 

 struction of the Capillary Electrometer, 100. Non-polarizable Electrodes, 100. 

 Action Current or Negative Variation, 102. Monophasic and Diphasic Action 

 Currents, 103. The Rheoscopic Frog Preparation, 104. Relation of Action 

 Current to the Contraction Wave and Nerve Impulse, 105. The Electrotonic 

 Currents, 107. The Core-model, 108. 



