CHAPTER XXIII. 



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD-PLASMA; CO- 

 AGULATION; QUANTITY OF BLOOD; REGENERA- 

 TION AFTER HEMORRHAGE. 



Composition of the Plasma and Corpuscles. Blood (plasma 

 and corpuscles) contains a great variety of substances, as might be 

 inf erred from its double relations to the tissues as a source of 

 nutrition and as a means of removing the waste products of their 

 functional activity. The constituents that may be present in 

 normal blood-plasma are in part definitely known and in part 

 entirely unknown from a chemical standpoint. Some idea of the 

 complexity of the composition may be obtained from the following 

 table: 



COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD-PLASMA. 

 WATER, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXID, NITROGEN. 

 ( Fibrinogen. 



Extractives that is, substances other 

 than proteins that may be ex- < 

 tracted from the dried residue by 

 water, alcohol, or ether. 



I Serum-albumin. 

 V Fats. 



Sugar. 



Urea. 



Uric acid. 



Creatin. 



Creatinin. 



Jecorin. 



Glucuronic acid. 



Lecithin. 



Cholesterin. 



Lactic acid. 



Salts. 



fChlorids 

 ! Carbonates 



Enzymes and special substances . 



( Sodium. 



i Potassium. 

 Calcium. 

 Magnesium. 

 Iron. 

 Internal secretions. 



Sulphates 



( Phosphates 



Prothrombin. 

 Antithrombin. 

 Epinephrin. 



Immune bodies ( Amboceptors) . 

 Complements. 

 ^ Opsonins. 



A number of detailed chemical analyses of the blood of different 

 animals, so far as its constituents can be determined by analytical 



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