174 



ZOOLOGY 



SECT. 



" King of the Herrings " (Fig. 799, A] is found on the coasts of 

 Europe and Japan, the west coast of North America, and at the 

 Cape of Good Hope ; Callorhynchus (E) is tolerably abundant in 

 the South Temperate seas ; Harriotta is a deep-sea form. 



External Characters. The general form of the body is Shark- 

 like, but the large, compressed head and small mouth are strikingly 

 different from the depressed, shovel-shaped head and wide mouth 

 of most Selachians. The mouth is bounded by lip-like folds, two of 



FIG. 799. A, Chimcera monstrosa; B, Callorhynchus antarcticus. a. d. anterior 

 clasper ; a. d.' pouch for its reception ; br. ap. branchial aperture ; c.f. caudal fin ; c.J.' its 

 whip-like prolongation; d. f. 1, d. f. 2, dorsal fins;//-, d. frontal clasper; l.f., I. /.'labial 

 folds ; 1. I. lateral line ; na. ap. nasal aperture ; op. operculum ; pet. f. pectoral fin ; ptg. 

 pterygopodia ; pv. f. pelvic fin ; t. teeth ; tc. tactile flap ; v. *. ventral fin. (A, after Cuvier.) 



which (B, l.f., l.f.'), placed laterally and supported by labial carti- 

 lages, resemble the folds in which the premaxillae and maxillae of 

 Bony Fishes are enclosed : a third fold, external to and concentric 

 with the mandible, is also supported by labial cartilages and has 

 the appearance of a second or external lower jaw. In Chimsera 

 the snout is blunt, in Harriotta long and pointed; in Callo- 

 rhynchus it is produced into a rostrum, from the end of which 

 depends a large cutaneous flap (JB, tc) abundantly supplied with 

 nerves and evidently serving as an important tactile organ. 



