122 EXTRACTS FROM NOTE-BOOKS. CH. XXVII. 



makes them, like man, subject to many diseases 

 and causes of decay, which would not affect them 

 if they were in a state of nature. 



In populous countries such as Britain, it may 

 fairly be supposed that extremely few wild animals 

 or birds reach their full period of life. Although 

 some kinds are carefully preserved here and there, 

 they are only preserved, like sheep or fowls, to be the 

 more conveniently killed when required; and where 

 there is no restriction to shooting and destroy- 

 ing the ferae naturse of the country, the extensive 

 trade carried on throughout the kingdom in all the 

 shops where guns and powder and shot are sold, 

 proves what numbers must be destroyed. Added to 

 this, guns and rifles are now so well made as to be 

 much more destructive weapons than formerly. 

 No reasonable person would wish to be able to kill 

 a bird at a greater distance than his fowling-piece 

 now enables him to do ; and a modern rifle carries 

 correctly quite as far as a man can see clearly 

 enough to aim with nicety at a small object. 



In shooting with the rifle at large animals, such 

 as deer, a good-sized ball is, for several reasons, a 

 very great desideratum. In the first place, the 

 larger the ball the greater is its force. A ball 

 of 11 bore smashes through a substance which 

 would stop the ball of a pea -rifle, unless the 



