878 APPENDIX. 



the bodies we have just described. The several products (antipeptone, etc.) are 

 given in duplicate, on the hypothesis (which, though not proved, is probable) that 

 the changes of digestion are essentially hydrolytic changes, 1 accompanied by a re- 

 duplication ; that, just as a molecule of starch splits up into at least two molecules 

 of dextrose, or as a molecule of cane-sugar splits up into a molecule of dextrose 

 and a molecule of levulose, so a molecule of anti-albumose, for instance, splits up 

 into two molecules of antipeptone, and so on. But the whole scheme is, of course, 

 only provisional. 



DECOMPOSITION OF PROTEIDS BY DIGESTION. 



* si 



Albumin. 



Anti-albumose. Hemi-albuuiose. 



Antipeptone. Antipeptone. Hemipeptone. Hemipeptone. 



Leucin. Tyrosin, Leucin. Tyrosin, 

 etc. etc. 



DECOMPOSITION BY ACIDS. 



By 0.25 per cent. HC1 at 40 C. 

 Albumin. 



Anti-albumate. Hemi-albumose. 



Anti-albumid. Hemipeptone. Hemipeptone. 



By 3-5 per cent. H 2 SO 4 at 100 C. 

 Albumin. 



Anti-albumid. Hemi-albumose. 



Hemipeptone. Hemipeptone. 



I I 



Leucin, Tyrosin, etc. Leucin, Tyrosin, etc. 



CLASS VII. Lardacein, or the so-called Amyloid Substance. 



The substance to which the above name is applied is found as a pathological 

 deposit in the spleen and liver, also in numerous other organs, such as the blood- 

 vessels, kidneys, lungs, etc. 



It is insoluble in water, dilute acids and alkalies, and neutral saline solutions. 



In centesimal composition it is almost identical with other proteids, 2 viz. : 



OandS. H. N. C. 



24.4 7.0 15.0 53.6 



The sulphur in this body exists in the oxidized state, for boiling with caustic 

 potash gives no sulphide of the alkali. The above results of analysis would lead 

 at once to the ranking of lardacein as a proteid, and this is strongly supported by 

 other facts. Strong hydrochloric acid converts it into acid-albumin, and caustic 

 alkalies into alkali-albumin. On the other hand it exhibits the following marked 

 differences from other proteids. It wholly resists the action of ordinary digestive 

 fluids; it is colored red, not yellow, by iodine, and violet or pure blue by the joint 

 action of iodine and sulphuric acid. From these last reactions it has derived one 

 of its names, " amyloid," though this is evidently badly chosen ; for not only does 

 it differ from the starch group in composition, but by no means can it be converted 



1 Henninger, loc. cit., p. 49. 



2 C. Schmidt, Ann. d. Chem. u. Pharm., Bd. ex. S. 250, and Friedreich u. Kekuel, Virchow's 

 Archiv, Bd. xvi. S. 50. 



