CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



INTRODUCTION Biology a new science Historical biology 

 Conservation of energy Evolution Cytology New aspects ot 

 biology The mechanical nature of living organisms Signifi- 

 cance of the new biological problems Outline of the subject . 9 



PART I. 



THE RUNNING OF TEE LIVING MACHINE. 

 CHAPTER I. Is THE BODY A MACHINE 



What is a machine ? A general comparison of a body and a 

 machine Details of the action of the machine Physical 

 explanation of the chief vital functions The living body is a 

 machine The living machine constructive as well as destruc- 

 tive The vital factor 29 



CHAPTER II. THE CELL AND PROTOPLASM. 



Vital properties The discovery of cells The cell doctrine The 

 cell The cellular structure of organisms The cell wall- 

 Protoplasm The reign of protoplasm The decline of the reign 

 of protoplasm The structure of protoplasm The nucleus 

 Centrosome Function of the nucleus Cell division or karyoki- 

 nesis Fertilization of the egg The significance of fertilization 

 What is protoplasm? Reaction against the cell doctrine 

 Fundamental vital activities as located in cells Summary . 68 



PART II. 



THE BUILDING OF THE LIVING MACHINE. 



CHAPTER III. THE FACTORS CONCERNED IN THE 

 BUILDING OF THE LIVING MACHINE. 



History of the living machine Evidence for this history His- 

 torical Embryological Anatomical Significance of these 

 sources of history Forces at work in the building of the living 

 machine Reproduction Heredity Variation Inheritance 

 of variations Method of machine building Migration and 

 isolation Direct influence of environment Consciousness- 

 Summary of Nature's power of building machines The origin 

 of the cell machine General summary ... 152 



7 



