List of Illustrations xi 



FIGURE PAGE 



27. 300-year old Pine forest in Thiiringia .... 51 



28. Tool used in planting young Oaks .... 52 



29. Planting a young Oak tree ...... 53 



30. Saw-mills, Breconshire (Phot. F. Evans) ... 54 



31. Two methods of tree felling 55 



32. Norwegian School Children preparing land for tree 



planting (Phot. Brekke, Christiania) ... 57 



33. Swiss Pine trees in September 60 



34. Twig of Scotch Pine 62 



35. Young Scotch Pines 64 



36. Soluble and Insoluble substances 67 



37. Germinating seeds using up part of the air . . 74 



38. Young Oak 77 



39. Wheat seedling 78 



40. Wheat seedling with soil sticking to the root hairs . 79 



41. Cross- section of an Oak trunk 82 



42. Trunk of Plane tree with scaly bark .... 84 



43. Trunk of Oak tree with fissured bark .... 85 



44. Hazel twig and catkins 89 



45. Hornbeam .90 



46. Birch 91 



47. Hawthorn twig 95 



48. Gooseberry twig 96 



49. Brambles growing in a wood (Phot. S. Maugham) . 97 



50. An opening Beech bud 100 



51. Twig of Pear tree 102 



52. Beech twig 103 



53. Three Stomata .106 



54. Leaf of Guelder Rose . . . . . . . 107 



55. Elm twig . m 



56. Birches in Sherwood Forest (Phot. Henson & Co.) . 112 



57. Shoot of Norway Maple 113 



58. The Leaves of a Plantain 115 



59. Leaf of Birch . . 117 



60. Leaf of Red Currant 118 



61. Leaf of Ash 120 



62. Black Wood of Rannoch, Perthshire (Phot. A. G. Tansley) 123 



63. Development of Gorse thorns ... 127 



