62 



Evergreens. (A walk) 



at the base by a membranous sheath. The two leaves 

 form what is known as a dwarf shoot (Fig. 34). A 

 long shoot is formed by a bud which bears many dwarf 

 shoots and gradually lengthens out to form a twig. 

 Most conifers show dwarf shoots, but the number of 

 leaves on them varies with the species. In the cedar 



Fig. 34. Twig of Scotch Pine, showing leaves growing in pairs and 

 forming dwarf shoots. 



and larch there are as many as 30 50 leaves bound up 

 in one dwarf shoot. Sometimes in a wet summer some 

 of these shoots lengthen out into a long twig with the 

 leaves some way apart from each other. 



I have spoken elsewhere of the way a Scotch pine 

 casts its lower branches as it grows old. The result of 



