134 The Flower 



family. If you examine a Scotch pine in late May or 

 June you will see that some of the twigs end with 

 bunches of male flowers covered with pollen, and others 

 with a little green cone, the female flower. These female 

 flowers are made up of scales, each of which bears two 

 ovules on its inner side. The cone opens a little to 

 receive the pollen which the wind scatters on it, then 

 closes up again tightly for two whole years. This time 

 next year it will have grown into a long brown cone 

 like those you see a little way up the branches. The 

 year after that the scales will open out and the ripe 

 ovules or seeds will be shed, leaving behind a brown 

 empty cone. You will find all these three stages on the 

 tree at once. 



PRACTICAL WORK. 



1. Dissect the wild rose given to you. Arrange the parts on 

 a piece of paper, putting all the sepals together, all the petals 

 together, and so on. Leave for inspection. 



2. Draw one of each part of the wild rose exactly 10 times its 

 natural size. 



3. Which part of the flower do you consider most like a foliage 

 leaf ? Give reasons for your answer. 



4. Pull to pieces the garden rose. Pick out a well formed petal 

 and a well formed stamen. Find also some leaves intermediate 

 between petals and stamens. Arrange them in a continuous series 

 with the petal at one end and the stamen at the other end. Leave 

 for inspection. 



5. Draw the back and the front of your fern leaf side by side 

 exactly its natural size. 



6. Describe what you see on the back of the fern but do not 

 see on the front. What happens if you scrape them with the point 

 of your compasses ? What do you think they are ? 



