156 Appendix IV 



over them or has the wet rotted into the tree at these places ? Do 

 you see any turpentine oozing ? from what kind of places does it 

 come ? 



17. If leave can be obtained, collect and bring home a set of 

 specimens to illustrate what you have seen, twigs, fir-cones, moss, &c. 



18. [Not to be done without leave from the owner of the wood.] 

 Collect any branches lying on the ground and make a bonfire. Do 

 you start the fire with bracken, pine needles or larch twigs ? Which 

 kind of branch burns best ? What is left after the fire has burnt 

 out ? ash or charcoal ? 



Evergreens (indoors). 



1. Twigs of three different pines are required. Show by drawings 

 and descriptions how the specimens A, B, C differ from each other. 



2. A bundle of sticks cut for firewood, strips cut from a soft 

 deal box, scraps from a joiner's shop, pocket-knife. Cut at the 

 specimens of wood provided. Try both cutting across the grain 

 and splitting lengthwise. Describe the differences between the 

 different woods. 



3. A Christmas tree or an Araucaria in pot (price 3s. ?). Make 

 a freehand drawing of the tree and show the arrangement of leaves, 

 twigs, and branches. Finish in pen and ink. 



Catkins (out of doors). 



1. Collect twigs of alder, larch, poplar, and any other catkin 

 bearing trees which you can find. 



2. How many different sorts of catkins are there on an alder 

 tree ? What do you understand by the large, hard, woody catkins ? 



3. Is there anything lying on the ground beneath the poplar 

 trees ? 



4. Shake a hazel bush on some dry sunny day. Can you see any 

 pollen coming off it ? 



5. Next examine with a pocket lens one of the red tufted nut- 

 forming flowers of the hazel. Can you see any tiny yellow grains on 

 the feather tufts ? 



