BOTANY 



PAGE 



Morphology and Ecology of the Flower 544 



1. Morphology ... 544 



Gymnosperms 

 Angiosperms 



2. Ecology . 



Development of the Sexual Generation . . . 561 



A. Gymnosperms .... 561 



(a) Cycadeae and Ginkgo . 



(6) Coniferae. . .566 



(c) Gnetinae ... . .569 



B. Angiosperms ..... 570 



The seed .... .579 



The fruit . . -582 

 Distribution of seeds 



Germination .... 587 

 Arrangement of the Classes, Orders, and Families 

 I. GYMNOSPERMAE . 



Cycadinae . -589 



Ginkgoinae ..... 591 



Coniferae .... .592 



Gnetinae ... .602 



FOSSIL GYMNOSPERMS ... 604 



II. ANGIOSPERMAE ..... 



DlCOTYLAE 



CHORIPETALAE ... . 609 



MONOCHLAMYDEAE . 609 



Juglandiflorae ... .609 



Querciflorae . 609 



Saliciflorae ..... . 614 



Urticinae ... 616 



Loranthiflorae . 620 

 Polygoninae ....... 621 



Piperinae .... .621 



Hamamelidinae .... 623 



Tricoccae .... 623 



Centrospermae .... 627 



DlALYPETALAE 



Polycarpicae ..... 629 



Rhoeadinae .... 639 



Cistiflorae .... .646 



Columniferae . .647 



Gruinales .... .651 



Sapindinae . . 655 



Frangulinae ..... 657 



