298 



BOTANY 



PART I 



weaker shoots in a stronger stock. Several shoots are usually placed in the 

 cut stem of the stock, care being taken that the cambial region of the different 

 portions are in contact, and that the cortex of the shoots is in contact with that of 

 the stock. In other methods of grafting, the cut end of the shoot is split longi- 

 tudinally and the cut shoot is inserted in the periphery, or a graft may be inserted 

 in the cortex or in the side of the stock. In grafting in the cortex the flatly-cut 

 shoot is inserted in the space cut between the bark and the splint wood (Fig. 263 

 /). In lateral grafting, the shoot, after being cut down, is wedged into a lateral 

 incision in the stock. 



E 



FIG. 263. Different modes of grafting. I, Crown grafting ; II, splice grafting ; III, bud grafting. 

 W, Stock ; E, scion. (After NOLL.) 



A special kind of grafting is known as BUDDING (Fig. 263 III}. In this process 

 a bud (" eye ") and not a twig is inserted under the bark of the stock. The " eye " 

 is left attached to a shield-shaped piece of bark, which is easily separated from 

 the wood when the plants contain sap. The bark of the stock is opened by a 

 T-shaped cut, the "eye" inserted, and the whole tightly covered. Occasionally 

 some of the wood may be detached with the shield-shaped piece of bark (budding 

 with a woody shield). In the case of sprouting buds, the budding is made in 

 spring ; in dormant buds, which will sprout next year, in summer. 



The union is accomplished by means of a callus (p. 164), formed by both the 

 scion and the stock. Vessels and sieve -tubes afterwards develop in the callus, 

 and so join together the similar elements of the two parts. Such an organic union 

 is only possible between very nearly related plants : thus, for example, of the 

 Amygdalaceae, the Plum, Peach, Almond, and Apricot may readily be grafted one 

 upon the other ; or of the Pomaceae, the Apple with the Quince ; but not the 

 Apple with the Plum, nor (as has been asserted) with the Oak. 



