DIV. n 



SPERMATOPHYTA 



547 



The flower is terminated above by the GYNAECEUM. The CARPELS 

 composing this may remain free and each give rise to a separate fruit 



FIG. 513. ,4 and B, Anterior 

 and posterior view of a sta- 

 men of Hyoscyamus niger ; 

 f, the filament ; p, anther ; 

 c, connective (magnified). 

 (After SCHIMPER.) 



FIG. 514. Pollen grain of Malm sylvestris. 

 S, Spinous projections of the exine ; s, 

 vertically striated layer of the exine ; 

 p, the same seen from above ; a, places 

 of exit of pollen-tubes. (After A. 

 MEYER.) 



(APOCARPOUS GYNAECEUM) (Figs. 515a, 517 A\ or they unite together 

 to form the ovary (SYNCARPOUS GYNAECEUM) (Fig. 5156). The 

 carpels, as a rule, bear the 

 ovules on their margins, on 

 more or less evident out- 

 growths which are termed 



PLACENTAS (Fig. 515rt, p). 



In apocarpous gynaecea the 

 ovules are thus borne on the 



Fi'.. 51""'. Delphinium <-on- 

 tfolida. Cross-section of the 

 ovary, showing the ovules 

 on the placenta Q/). (Alter 

 EXGLER and PRAXTL.) 



FIG. 5li>b. Sumlittmis ni<jm. Longitudinal sec- 

 tion of flower, s. Ovule ; n, stigma. (After 



Tsi HIROH-OsTERLE.) 



united margins of the carpels, each margin bearing a row of ovules. 

 This is termed the VENTRAL SUTURE, while the midrib of the carpel 

 forms the DORSAL SUTURE. In syncarpous ovaries the ovules are 

 similarly borne on the margins of the coherent carpels (Fig. 516 pi). 



