630 



BOTANY 



PART II 



number and may be very numerous. The separation of calyx and 

 corolla is frequently indistinct, and in some cases (e.g. Calycanthvs) 

 even the foliage leaves pass with their spiral arrangement into the 

 bracts of the flower. The stamens have frequently a leaf-like form 

 with the connective continued beyond the anthers, or forming a leafy 

 expansion. The stigma terminates the carpel without a definite style. 

 The pollination is by means of insects ; in some primitive forms by 



PIG. 630.- Diagrams of the Caryo- 

 phyllaceae. A, Viscaria, septa 

 present in the lower part of the 

 ovary. B, Silene, septa absent. 

 (After EICHLER.) 



Fio. 631. Cereus gvometrizans. Two of the ribs or 

 ridges of a five-ribbed stem bearing flowers and fruits 

 (| nat. size). 



beetles. The structure of the wood in some cases approaches that of 

 the Coniferae. 



The simplest Monocotyledons (Hdobiae) exhibit an unmistakable 

 relationship to this order; they agree in the numerous stamens and 

 the apocarpous pistil. It is, however, to be noted that by no means 

 all the plants of the families united in this order exhibit the above 

 characters in the same degree. The characteristic features may 

 indeed be completely wanting, though the existence of intermediate 

 forms leaves no doubt that the genera in question must be classed here. 



Family 1. Nymphaeaceae. Aquatic plants with submerged or floating leaves, 

 the latter often of very large size ; the vegetative organs contain latex and thus 

 indicate a relationship with the Papaveraceae (Figs. 632-634). 



