670 



BOTANY 



PART II 



one side by a succulent, irregularly-limited arillus. None of the Caesalpiniaceae 

 are British. Ceratonia siliqua and the cauliflorous (cf. p. 651) Cercis siliquastrum 

 from the Mediterranean region (Fig. 701 A) and Glcditschia triacanthos (N. Am.) 

 (Fig. 199), are sometimes cultivated as ornamental plants. 



OFFICIAL. SENNA INDICA, the pinnae of Cassia angustifolia (Trop. East Africa 



and Arabia, cultivated at Tinnevelly in Southern India) ; SENNA ALEXANDRINA 

 from C.acutifolia ; Cassia fistula (Trop. Am.) yields CASSIAE PULPA ; COPAIBA is 

 obtained from Copaifera Langsdorfii and other species ; TAMARINDUS from the 

 succulent mesocarp of Tamarindus indica ; HAEMATOXYLI LIGNUM, the heart-wood 

 of Ifaematoxylon campechianum (Trop. 

 Am.) ; KRAMERIAE RADIX from Krameria 

 triandra, a shrub growing in the Cor- 

 dilleras. Flowers atypical ; the sepals 

 brightly coloured within ; the corolla 

 small. Three stamens opening by pores 

 at the summit. Fruit spherical, prickly. 

 Leaves simple, silvery white (Fig. 705). 



Family 3. Papilionaeeae. 

 Herbs, shrubs, or trees with, as a 

 rule, imparipinnate leaves. Flowers 

 always markedly zygomorphic. 



FIG. IQd.Myroxylon Pereirae. See Text. (En- 

 larged. After BERG and SCHMIDT.) OFFICIAL. 



FIG. 710. Fruit of Myroxylon Pereirae. 

 ( nat. size.) OFFICIAL. 



Calyx of five sepals. Corolla of five petals, papilionaceous, with 

 descending imbricate aestivation (Fig. 706). Stamens 10; filaments 

 either all coherent into a tube surrounding the pistil (Lupinus) or the 

 posterior stamen is free (Lotus), or all are free (Myroxylon, Fig. 709). 

 Seeds with a curved embryo. 



Abundantly represented in the temperate zones ; fewer in the tropics. 



The component parts of a papilionaceous flower are seen separately in Fig. 707. 

 The posterior petal, which overlaps the others in the bud (Fig. 706), is termed the 

 standard (vexillum). The two adjoining lateral petals are the wings (alae), and the 

 two lowest petals, usually coherent by their lower margins, together form the keel 



