682 



BOTANY 



PART II 



which open first, is overtopped by the lateral umbels arising from the leaf-axils. 

 Biennial. Foeniculum (Fennel) and Levisticum (Lovage) have yellow flowers. 

 Petroselinum (Parsley), Pastinaca (Parsnip), Daucus (Carrot), Apium (Celery), 

 and Anethum (Dill), are used as vegetables. Cicuta (Water-Hemlock, Fig. 725), 

 Sium (Water-Parsnip), Oenanthe (Fig. 726) and Berula, are marsh- or water-plants. 

 Aethusa cynapium (Fool's Parsley, Fig. 727) has the ribs of the fruit keeled ; 

 umbels with three elongated, linear, involucral leaves directed outwards. All the 

 last-named plants are poisonous. Archangelica officinalis is a conspicuous plant 



FIG. 727.Aet,Jwisa cynapium ( nat. size). B, Single umbel. C, Fruit (enlarged). POISONOUS. 



reaching a height of 2 metres, with large bipinnate leaves provided with saccate,, 

 sheathing bases ; the greenish flowers are markedly protandrous. 



In the following genera the ventral side of the endosperm is traversed by 

 a longitudinal groove. Scandix, Anthriscus (Beaked Parsley), Chaerophyllum 

 (Chervil). Conium maculatum, the Hemlock, is a biennial plant often of con- 

 siderable height ; it is completely glabrous, the stem and leaf-stalks often with 

 purple spots ; leaves dull green, bi- to tri-pinnate. The ultimate segments end in 

 a small, colourless, bristle-like tip. Fruit with wavy, crenate ridges and without 

 oil-ducts in the valleculae. The whole plant has a peculiar, unpleasant odour 

 (Fig. 728). 



