712 



BOTANY 



PART II 



style is bifid above. Ovule erect, anatropous (Fig. 780). 



exalbuminous. The fruits are achenes, often bearing at the upper 



end a crown of hairs, the 



pappus. This corresponds 



to the calyx and aids in "^\v '^x 



the dispersion of the fruit 



by the wind (Figs. 780, 



FIG. 779. Compositae. Floral 

 diagram (Carduits). 



a 



FIG. 780. Arnica montana. a, Ray-flower ; b, disc- 

 flower ; c, the latter cut through longitudinally. 

 (After BERG and SCHMIDT, magnified.) 



785). As a reserve material in roots and tubers (Fig. 205) inulin 

 as a rule is found ; in the seeds aleurone grains and fatty oil. 



The individual flowers are either radially symmetrical with a five-lobed corolla 

 (Fig. 780, b, c) or they are two-lipped as in the South American Mutisieae, the 

 upper lip having two teeth, the lower three. By suppression of the upper lip 



FIG. 781. Longitudinal section of capitulum a, of Lappa major with floral bracts ; b, of Matricaria 

 Chamomilla without floral bracts. (After BERG and SCHMIDT, magnified.) 



flowers with a single lip are derived ; such flowers exhibit three teeth at the tip (Fig. 

 780 a). The ligulate flowers (e.g. of Taraxacum} are similar in general appear- 

 ance to the latter ; the corolla is here deeply split on one side and its margin 

 bears five teeth. In addition to those Compositae which have only ligulate 

 or only tubular florets in the head, there are many which have tubular florest 

 (disc-florets) in the centre, surrounded by one-lipped florets (ray-florets). These 



