DIV. II 



ANGIOSPERMAE 



733 



in the development of the ovary. The lodicules can on this evidence be regarded 

 as corresponding to the inner whorl of the perianth. Possibly the superior palea 

 represents two coherent leaves of the outer whorl. In the gynaeceum there 



remains as a rule only a double 

 leaf formed of the two lateral 

 carpels of the three originally 

 present. According to this view, 

 which we owe to GOEBEL, the 

 diagram in Fig. 813 is arrived at. 

 On the wind-pollination of 

 Grasses cf. p. 552. The fruit 

 of the Grasses is termed a 

 caryopsis ; in it the pericarp 

 and seed -coat are intimately 

 united. The embryo lies in 

 contact with the endosperm by 

 means of its cotyledon ; this 

 forms the SCUTELLUM, and in 

 germination serves as an ab- 

 sorbent organ by means of 



FIG. 812.Festuca elatior. A, Spikelet (compare Fig. 811), 

 with two open flowers below which the two sterile 

 glumes are seen (x 3). B, Flower ; the two lodicules 

 are in front, the superior palea behind ; the ovary 

 bears two feathery stigmas ( x 12) . C, A single lodicule 

 (x 12). D, Ovary seen from the side with the stalk of 

 one of the removed stigmas (x 12). (After H.SCHEXCK.) 



FIG. 813. Diagram of the Grass flower. 

 The missing parts are dotted; ax, 

 end of the axis of the spikelet ; pi, 

 palea inferior ; ps, palea superior 

 (outer perigone) ; I, lodiculae (inner 

 perigone) ; .<tf, outer, st', inner whorl 

 of stamens ; c, lateral carpels ; c', 

 dorsal carpel. (After SCHUSTER.) 



which the reserve, materials in the endosperm are taken up by the seedling 

 (Fig. 814). 



The most important economic plants belonging to this order are the Cereals 

 (Fig. 815). Wheat, Triticum. Spikelets single, with two or more flowers ; glumes 

 broadly ovate. KOERNICKE distinguishes as species of Wheat (1) Tr. vulgare, with 

 a number of sub-species ; (2) Tr. polonicum ; (3) Tr. monococcum. Rye, Secale 

 cereale ; spikelets single, 2- flowered ; glumes acute. Barley, Hordeum vulgare ; 



