768 BOTANY 



Ztrbl. 1906, p. 674, and Monatshefte fur d. naturw. Unt. vol. xi. 1918, p. 131. 

 ( 119 ) GOEBEL, Flora, vol. cv, p. 49. ( 12 ) SCHLUMBERGER, Flora, vol. cii. 1911, p. 

 383. ( 121 ) ARNOLDI, Flora, vol. c. 1909, p. 121 ; KUNDT, Beihefte Bot. Ztrbl. vol. 

 37 1 , 1911, p. 26 ; ZAWIDZKI, Beihefte Bot. Ztrbl. vol. xxviii. 1912, p. 17 ; YASUI, 

 Annals of Bot. vol. xxv, 1911, p. 469. ( 121a ) PFEIFFER, Bot. Gaz. vol. liv. 1907, 

 p. 445 ; OES, Ztsrchr. f, Bot. vol. v. 1913, p. 145. ( 12a ) F. SCHNEIDER, Beitr. 

 z. Entw. der Marsiliaceen, Diss. Berlin, 1912; SHARP, Bot. Gaz. vol. Iviii. 

 1914, p. 419 ; F. SCHNEIDER, Flora, vol. cv. 1913, p. 347. ( 123 ) STRASBURGER, 

 Flora, vol. xcvii. 1907, p. 123. ( 124 ) STEINBRINCK, Biolog. Ztrbl. 1906, p. 724 ; 

 HANNIG, Flora, vol. cii. 1911, p. 209; LUDWIGS, Flora, vol. ciii. 1911, p. 385; 

 SHARP, Bot. Gaz. vol. liv. 1912, p. 89 ; VIDAL, Ann. sc. nat. 9 e ser. vol. xv. 1912, 

 p. 1. ( 125 ) BRUCHMANN, Flora, vol. ci. 1910, p. 220. ( 125a ) HABERLAND, Beitr. 

 z. allg. Bot. vol. i. p. 293. ( 126 ) BRUCHMANN, Flora, vol. civ. 1912, p. 180 ; vol. 

 cv. 1913, p. 237, and Zeitschr. f. Bot. vol. xi. 1919, p. 39 ; LYON, Bot. Gaz. vol. 

 xl.. 1905, p. 285; CAMPBELL, Annals of Bot. vol. xvi. 1902, p. 419; DENKE, 

 Beiheft z. bot. Ztrbl. vol. xii. 1902, p. 182 ; STEINBRINCK, Ber. deutsch. bot. 

 Ges. 1902, p. 117, and Biolog. Ztrbl, 1906, p. 737 ; MITCHELL, Annals of Bot. vol. 

 xxiv. 1910, p. 19 ; SYKES and STYLES, ibid. p. 523 ; WAND, Flora, vol. cvi. 1914, 

 p. 237. ( 127 ) STEINBRINCK, Ber. deutscli. bot. Ges. vol. xxviii. 1910, p. 551, and 

 vol. xxix. 1911, p. 334. ( 128 ) BRUCHMANN, Flora, 1905, p. 150 ; GOEBEL, Flora, 

 1905, p. 195. ( 129 ) W. SEYD, Zur Biolog. von Selag. Dissert. Jena, 1910 ; NEGER, 

 Flora, vol. ciii. 1911, p. 74. ( 13 ) HABERLANDT, Ber. d. bot. Ges. 1905, p. 441. 

 ( 131 ) STOCKEY, Bot. Gaz. vol. xlvii. 1909, p. 311. 



Fossil Cryptogams. ( 132 ) Of. the palaeophytological textbooks of W. PH. 



SCHIMPER, A. SCHENK, B. RENAULT, G. SAPORTA et MARION, SOLMS-LAUBACH, 



H. POTONIE, D. H. SCOTT, R. ZEILLER, A. C. SEWARD, W. JONGMANS. R. 

 ZEILLER, Progressus rei bot. vol. ii. 1907, p. 171. ( 133 ) GORDON, Annals of Bot. 

 vol. xxiv. 1910, p. 821. ( 134 ) OLIVER, Biol. Ztrbl. 1905, vol. xxv. p. 401, and Annals 

 of Bot. vol. xxiii. 1909, p. 73 ; SCOTT, Wiss. Erg. Wiener bot. Kongr. 1905, p. 

 279 ; further, Progressus rei bot. vol. i. 1907, p. 139, and Smithsonian Report, 1907, 

 p. 371 ; CHODAT, Archives sc. phys. et nat. 4 e per. vol. xxvi. Geneve, 1908 ; 

 OLIVER and SALISBURY, Annals of Bot. vol. xxv. 1911, p. 1. 



SPERMATOPHYTA BY G. KARSTEN 

 Transition from Pteridophyta to Spermatophyta 



(*) W. HOFMEISTER, Vergleich. [Inters, der Keim, Entfalt u. Fruchtbildung 

 hoherer Kryptogamen und der Samenbild. der Koniferen, Leipzig, 1851 ; 

 HOFMEISTER, Higher Cryptogamia, London, 1862 ; E. STRASBURGER, Koniferen u. 

 Gnetaceen, Jena, 1872 ; id. Angiospermen und Gymnospermen, Jena, 1879, and the 

 comprehensive works : R. VON WETTSTEIN, Handbuch der systematise!] en Botanik, 

 2. Aufl. Leipzig and Wien, 1911 ; K. GOEBEL, Organographie der Pflanzen, 1. u. 2. 

 Jena, 1898-1901 (English translation of 1st edition) ; and 2nd ed. 1. u. 2. 1913, 

 1918 ; J. M. COULTER and CH. J. CHAMBERLAIN, Morphology of Gymnosperms, 

 Chicago, 1910, and Morphology of Angiosperms, Chicago, 1909. The above 

 contain lists of literature, and only fundamental and historically important works 

 or those giving more recent data are referred to here. ( 2 ) OVERTON, Reduktion 

 der Chromosomen, Vierteljahrsschr. d. naturf. Ges. Zurich, 1893 ; E. STRASBURGER, 

 Reduktionsteilung, Sitzber. K. A. d. W. Berlin, vol. xviii. 1904 ; id. Chromo- 

 somenzahlen und Reduktionsteilung, Pringsh. Jahrb. vol. xlv. 1908. 



