VAMPIRES. 353 



same author, Newbridge, states that a man who had been 

 interred at Berwick came out of his grave every night, and 

 made a great disturbance in the neighbourhood. He even 

 boasted that he should not cease to disturb the living until 

 they had reduced him to ashes. Thereupon the neighbours 

 selected ten bold and vigorous young men, who took him up 

 out of the ground, proceeded to cut his body to pieces, then 

 burn it to ashes. But some one among the crowd having 

 said that he could not burn until they had torn out his heart, 

 his side was pierced with a stake. Through the opening thus 

 made they extracted the heart, whereupon the body was 

 consumed, and appeared no more. 



It is a remarkable fact, and therefore worthy to be noted 

 here, that amongst the pagan Romans the notion prevailed 

 that dead bodies of certain persons were subject to be allured 

 from their graves by sorcerers, unless incremation had been 

 performed, or decomposition had actually taken place. On 

 this point study the following allusion of Lucan the words 

 are represented by him to have been spoken by an enchan- 

 tress to an evoked spirit : 



* Tali tua membra sepulchre 

 Talibus exuram Stygio cum carmine sylvis, 

 Ut nullos cantata Magos exaudiat umbra.' 



All this may have been, says Calmet ; but that those who 

 are really dead move their jaws, and amuse themselves by 

 chewing whatever may be near them, is again, says he, a 

 childish fancy like what the ancient Romans said of their 

 manducusj which was a grotesque figure of a man with an 

 enormous mouth, full of big teeth, the jaws being moved 

 by springs. The Romans frightened children with these 

 manduci ; hence the following allusion of Juvenal : 



' Tandeinque redit ad pulpita notum 

 Exodium, cum personae pallentis hiatum 

 In gremio matris formidat rusticus infans.' 



Some remains of the ancient custom may be seen in certain 



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